Marine heat waves (MHWs) can have catastrophic consequences for the socio-environmental system. Especially in the Red Sea, which has the world’s second longest coral reef system. Here, we investigate the sea surface temperature (SST) variability and trends, as well as the spatiotemporal characteristics of marine heat waves (MHWs) in the Red Sea, using high resolution daily gridded (1/20°) SST data obtained from the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) for the period 1982–2019. Results show that the average warming rate was about 0.342 ± 0.047 °C/decade over the entire Red Sea over the whole study period. The Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis reveals that the maximum variability is over the central part of the Red Sea, while the minimum variability is in the southernmost part of the Red Sea. Over the last two decades (2000–2019), we have discovered that the average MHW frequency and duration increased by 35% and 67%, respectively. The results illustrate that the MHW frequency and duration trends have increased by 1.17 counts/decade and 1.79 days/decade, respectively, over the study period. The highest annual MHW frequencies were detected in the years 2018, 2019, 2010, and 2017. A strong correlation (R = 0.89) was found between the annual MHW frequency and the annual mean SST.

中文翻译：

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38年来红海海洋热浪的时空变化和趋势

海洋热浪 (MHW) 会对社会环境系统造成灾难性后果。特别是在拥有世界第二长珊瑚礁系统的红海。在这里，我们使用从哥白尼获得的高分辨率每日网格 (1/20°) SST 数据研究了红海海面温度 (SST) 的变化和趋势，以及海洋热浪 (MHW) 的时空特征。 1982-2019 年期间的海洋环境监测服务 (CMEMS)。结果表明，在整个研究期间，整个红海的平均升温速率约为 0.342 ± 0.047 °C/decade。经验正交函数 (EOF) 分析表明，最大的变异在红海的中部，而最小的变异在红海的最南端。在过去的二十年（2000-2019 年）中，我们发现平均 MHW 频率和持续时间分别增加了 35% 和 67%。结果表明，在研究期间，MHW 频率和持续时间趋势分别增加了 1.17 次/十年和 1.79 天/十年。在 2018、2019、2010 和 2017 年检测到最高的年度 MHW 频率。在年度 MHW 频率和年度平均 SST 之间发现了很强的相关性 (R = 0.89)。