Recent decades have seen an increase in women’s employment rates and an expansion of egalitarian values. Previous studies document the so-called “motherhood penalty,” which makes women’s employment more difficult. Demands for greater shared child-rearing between parents are hindered by a normative climate that supports differentiated gender roles in the family. Using data from the Center for Sociological Research [Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas] (2018), this study shows that the Spanish population perceives that differentiated social images of motherhood and fatherhood still persist. The “sexual division in parenting” index is proposed and the profile of the individuals who most perceive this sexual division is analyzed. The results show that women and younger people are the most aware of this social normativity that unequally distributes child care, making co-responsibility difficult. The political implications of these results are discussed.

近几十年来，妇女的就业率有所提高，平等主义价值观也在扩大。先前的研究记录了所谓的“母性惩罚”，这使得女性就业更加困难。支持家庭中不同性别角色的规范氛围阻碍了父母之间更多地共同抚养孩子的需求。使用来自社会学研究中心 [Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas]（2018 年）的数据，这项研究表明，西班牙人口认为，母亲和父亲的不同社会形象仍然存在。提出了“育儿中的性别划分”指数，并分析了最能感知这种性别划分的个人的概况。结果表明，女性和年轻人最了解这种社会规范性，这种规范性不均等地分配儿童保育，使共同责任变得困难。讨论了这些结果的政治影响。