Exposure to hypertonic solutions during pregnancy induces autism-like behaviors via the NFAT-5 pathway in offspring in a rat model,Physiology & Behavior

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Exposure to hypertonic solutions during pregnancy induces autism-like behaviors via the NFAT-5 pathway in offspring in a rat model
Physiology & Behavior ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-04 , DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113545
Evrim Senkal ₁ , Erman Bagcioglu ₂ , Umut Eryigit ₃ , Oytun Erbas ₄ , Volkan Solmaz ₅

Affiliation

Objectives

to investigate the effects of hyperosmolar state (HS) on immune response and inflammation via the NFAT5 pathway and examine whether immune-mediated conditions trigger autism-like behavior in offspring.

Methods

a pregnant rat model was performed by administering hyperosmotic solutions. Pregnant rats were divided into 2 main groups; control (group I) and hyperosmolar groups (group II). Control group rats were given % 0.25 NaCI (tap water) (n = 6), the Hyperosmolar (HO) group was further subdivided into 3 groups as; Group II a rats which were given % 3 hypertonic NaCl (n = 6), Group II b rats were given mineral water (% 3 NaHCO3+magnesium+calcium content) (n = 6), and Group II c rats were given Ayran (% 0.8 NaCl content) (n = 6). Their offspring were examined for behaviors, biochemical and histological abnormality.

Results

in offspring, TNF- α, IL-17, NFAT-5, and NGF levels in the brain were significantly higher in hyperosmotic solution groups than in control rats. Exposure of pregnant rats to hyperosmotic solution resulted in autism-like behaviors in their offspring. Through immunohistochemical methods, we found that CA1 and CA2 of the hippocampus indicated decreased number of neurons in hyperosmotic solution groups compared with the control group.

Conclusions

our findings once again emphasized that the immune-mediated conditions involved in the pathophysiology of autism. NFAT5 pathway may be a key factor in the development of neuroinflammation by hyperosmotic solutions.

中文翻译：

怀孕期间暴露于高渗溶液通过 NFAT-5 通路诱导大鼠模型后代的自闭症样行为

目标

研究高渗状态 (HS) 通过 NFAT5 途径对免疫反应和炎症的影响，并检查免疫介导的条件是否会触发后代的自闭症样行为。

方法

通过给予高渗溶液进行怀孕大鼠模型。妊娠大鼠分为2个主要组；对照组（I 组）和高渗组（II 组）。对照组大鼠给予 % 0.25 NaCl（自来水）（n = 6），高渗（H2O）组进一步细分为 3 组：给予 % 3 高渗氯化钠 ( n = 6) 的 II a 组大鼠，给予矿泉水 (% 3 NaHCO3+镁+钙含量) ( n = 6) 的 II b 组大鼠，给予 Ayran ( % 0.8 NaCl 含量）（n = 6）。他们的后代接受了行为、生化和组织学异常检查。