This study investigated effects of different thermal processes on characteristics of activated carbon to produce efficient biosorbents or supercapacitors using biomass resources. Pyrolysis char and hydrochar obtained from woody biomass were used as precursors for activated carbon under different atmospheric conditions (N₂ and air). In order to provide functional groups on the carbon surface, activated carbon under N₂ condition was subsequently acidified by HNO₃ and the other was simultaneously acidified under air condition. Additionally, potential for application as Pb²⁺ adsorbent and supercapacitor was evaluated. Thermochemical behaviors such as bonding cleavage and dehydration during activation processes were observed by TG and Py-GCMS analysis. Elemental analysis, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS analysis were carried out to confirm changes in structures of each carbon products. New plausible reaction mechanism for this observation was suggested with respect to the formation of a key intermediate in the presence of excess air. As for performance in applications, air activated carbon using hydrochar exhibited high versatility to function as both Pb²⁺ adsorbent (~41.1 mg/g) and energy storage material (~185.9 F/g) with high specific surface area, mesopore ratio, surface functional groups.

本研究调查了不同热过程对活性炭特性的影响，以利用生物质资源生产高效的生物吸附剂或超级电容器。在不同的大气条件（N ₂和空气）下，从木质生物质中获得的热解炭和水炭被用作活性炭的前体。为了在碳表面提供官能团，活性炭在N ₂条件下随后被HNO ₃酸化，另一个同时在空气条件下酸化。此外，作为 Pb ²⁺应用的潜力吸附剂和超级电容器进行了评估。通过 TG 和 Py-GCMS 分析观察了活化过程中的热化学行为，例如键合断裂和脱水。进行元素分析、FT-IR、拉曼光谱和 XPS 分析以确认每种碳产品的结构变化。关于在过量空气存在下形成关键中间体，提出了针对这一观察结果的新的似是而非的反应机制。至于应用性能，使用氢化炭的空气活性炭表现出高度的多功能性，可用作 Pb ²⁺吸附剂 (~41.1 mg/g) 和储能材料 (~185.9 F/g)，具有高比表面积、中孔比、表面积官能团。