The prognosis for patients with glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and malignant type of primary brain tumour, is very poor, despite current standard treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Moreover, the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment hinders the development of effective immunotherapies for GBM. Cytokines such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) play a major role in modulating the activity of infiltrating immune cells and tumour cells in GBM, predominantly conferring an immunosuppressive action; however, in some circumstances, IL-10 can have an immunostimulatory effect. Elucidating the function of IL-10 in GBM is necessary to better strategise and improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. This review discusses the immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive roles of IL-10 in the GBM tumour microenvironment while considering IL-10-targeted treatment strategies. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the expression of IL-10 in various cell types are also outlined, and how this resulting information might provide an avenue for the improvement of immunotherapy in GBM is explored.

尽管目前有手术、放疗和化疗等标准治疗方法，但胶质母细胞瘤 (GBM) 是最常见和恶性的原发性脑肿瘤类型，患者的预后非常差。此外，免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境阻碍了针对 GBM 的有效免疫疗法的开发。细胞因子如白细胞介素 10 (IL-10) 在调节 GBM 中浸润性免疫细胞和肿瘤细胞的活性中起主要作用，主要具有免疫抑制作用；然而，在某些情况下，IL-10 可能具有免疫刺激作用。阐明 IL-10 在 GBM 中的功能对于更好地制定策略和提高免疫治疗的疗效是必要的。本综述讨论了 IL-10 在 GBM 肿瘤微环境中的免疫刺激和免疫抑制作用，同时考虑了 IL-10 靶向治疗策略。还概述了 IL-10 在各种细胞类型中表达的分子机制，并探讨了这些信息如何为改进 GBM 中的免疫治疗提供途径。