Long-term cultivation has generated an enormous carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) deficit in black soil. Fertilizer management has been proven to be important to improve aggregate stability and enhance soil C and N stocks, which primarily occur within aggregates. Using a continuous wheat-soybean-maize rotation system in black soil with a 39-year different fertilizer regimes that created a large range in C input (2.03–3.88 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), we investigated long-term fertilization affected soil aggregation and aggregate-associated C and N levels in soil depths of 0–10, 10–20, and 20–40-cm, and assessed aggregate-associated soil organic carbon (SOC) saturation behavior. Across soil depth intervals, application of synthetic fertilizer with or without manure increased macroaggregate turnover, which increased release of silt and clay (SC) within macroaggregates and promoted formation of free microaggregates (free-m) and free-SC. Fertilization increased organic material (straw and manure) input and greatly favored C and N sequestration in macroaggregates (mainly within the SC fraction, because of the high mass proportion) and free-m. Significant linear relationships were observed between the C content in the soil aggregate fraction and C input, indicated that the added C was primarily stored in stable aggregates, suggesting that bulk soil remained SOC-deficient under current fertilizer regimes. Overall, application of large amounts of organic material is an adequate soil management strategy to improve the structure of black soil and increase soil organic carbon and nitrogen sequestration. This strategy will be useful for agricultural sustainable development and mitigation of climate variability.

长期种植在黑土中产生了巨大的碳 (C) 和氮 (N) 赤字。已证明肥料管理对于提高团聚体稳定性和增加土壤碳和氮储量很重要，这些碳和氮主要发生在团聚体中。在黑土中使用连续小麦 - 大豆 - 玉米轮作系统，使用 39 年不同的施肥制度，创造了大范围的 C 输入（2.03-3.88 Mg C ha ^-1 yr ^-1)，我们研究了长期施肥对 0-10、10-20 和 20-40 厘米土壤深度的土壤团聚和与团聚体相关的 C 和 N 水平的影响，并评估了与团聚体相关的土壤有机碳 (SOC) 饱和度行为。在整个土壤深度区间，施用有或没有肥料的合成肥料增加了大团聚体的周转，这增加了大团聚体中淤泥和粘土 (SC) 的释放，并促进了游离微团聚体 (free-m) 和游离 SC 的形成。施肥增加了有机材料（秸秆和粪便）的投入，并极大地促进了大团聚体（主要在 SC 部分内，因为质量比例高）和游离 M 中的 C 和 N 封存。土壤团聚体中的 C 含量与 C 输入之间观察到显着的线性关系，表明添加的 C 主要储存在稳定的聚集体中，表明在当前施肥制度下，大块土壤仍然缺乏 SOC。总体而言，施用大量有机材料是改善黑土结构和增加土壤有机碳和氮固存的适当土壤管理策略。该战略将有助于农业可持续发展和减缓气候变异。