Introduction Fatty acid (FA) concentrations have previously been associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, few studies on GDM have examined FA profiles in early pregnancy or before diagnosis. This study aimed to compare early pregnancy plasma FA profiles of women with and without GDM diagnoses as well as their reported dietary consumption. Research design and methods The subjects comprised 853 women from the prospective study: Pregnant Women in Iceland II (PREWICE II), attending their 11–14 weeks ultrasound appointment in 2017–2018. During the visit, blood samples were collected for plasma FA analysis, and dietary habits were assessed using a short food frequency questionnaire. Information on GDM diagnoses was then later extracted from medical records. Differences in FA profile between GDM cases and non-cases were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results GDM was diagnosed in 127 women (14.9%). Concentrations of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) n-6, PUFA n-3 and total FA were higher in the women who later developed GDM compared with those who did not (p≤0.05). The medians for total FA were 2898 μg/mL for the women with GDM and 2681 μg/mL for those without GDM. Mean adjusted difference for total FA between the groups was 133 μg/mL (95% CI 33 to 233). Similar results were observed in prepregnancy normal-weight women and overweight women/women with obesity. Overall diet quality in early pregnancy appeared to be lower among the women later diagnosed with GDM. Conclusion We found that plasma FA profiles in early pregnancy were different for women later diagnosed with GDM compared with those who were not, independent of the women’s body mass index. No data are available. Data are not in a repository.

中文翻译：

---

后来诊断为妊娠糖尿病的妇女的早期妊娠血浆脂肪酸谱

简介 脂肪酸 (FA) 浓度先前已被认为与妊娠期糖尿病 (GDM) 相关。然而，很少有关于 GDM 的研究检查妊娠早期或诊断前的 FA 谱。本研究旨在比较患有和未患有 GDM 诊断的女性的早孕血浆 FA 谱以及她们报告的饮食摄入量。研究设计和方法 研究对象包括来自冰岛孕妇 II (PREWICE II) 前瞻性研究的 853 名女性，她们在 2017 年至 2018 年期间参加了 11 至 14 周的超声检查。访问期间，收集血液样本进行血浆 FA 分析，并使用简短的食物频率问卷评估饮食习惯。随后从病历中提取有关 GDM 诊断的信息。使用 Mann-Whitney U 检验评估 GDM 病例和非病例之间 FA 特征的差异。结果 127 名女性 (14.9%) 被诊断出 GDM。与未患 GDM 的女性相比，后来患 GDM 的女性的饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA) n-6、PUFA n-3 和总 FA 浓度较高 (p≤0.05)。患有 GDM 的女性总 FA 的中位数为 2898 μg/mL，而没有 GDM 的女性则为 2681 μg/mL。各组之间总 FA 的平均调整差异为 133 μg/mL（95% CI 33 至 233）。在孕前体重正常的女性和超重女性/肥胖女性中也观察到了类似的结果。后来诊断为 GDM 的女性怀孕早期的总体饮食质量似乎较低。结论 我们发现，后来诊断为 GDM 的女性与未诊断为 GDM 的女性在妊娠早期的血浆 FA 谱有所不同，与女性的体重指数无关。无可用数据。数据不在存储库中。