The development of aquaculture is closely related to human life. Crustaceans play essential roles in aquaculture. However, the cultivation of crustaceans has been plagued by various diseases, causing substantial economic losses. At present, the occurrence of shrimp diseases is directly related to environmental stress and physiological dysfunction, and especially environmental stress has become an important factor inducing diseases. Therefore, how to regulate the immune defence of crustaceans under environmental stress has become the primary problem in the prevention and control of shrimp diseases. The neuroendocrine-immune system plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis and enhancing environmental adaptability. Besides, in the evolutionary sense, with the theory that the nervous system and the immune system have a common origin put forward, the research on the neuroendocrine-immune system of invertebrates has gradually become a hot spot. This review describes the evolution and communication mechanism of the neuroendocrine system and immune system in vertebrates and invertebrates, summarizes the characteristics of the neuroendocrine system and immune system in crustaceans, and focuses on how environmental stress affects the regulation of the neuroendocrine system on the immune system in crustaceans, as well as the influence of these regulations on host immune defence. This review also introduced the immune regulation of crustacean intestines under environmental stress and the effect of pathogen stress on crustacean immunity, hoping to lay a theoretical foundation for the follow-up study of crustacean stress resistance and provide theoretical guidance for the healthy aquaculture of crustaceans.

中文翻译：

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甲壳类动物的神经内分泌免疫调节机制：综述

水产养殖的发展与人类生活息息相关。甲壳类动物在水产养殖中发挥着重要作用。然而，甲壳类的养殖一直受到各种疾病的困扰，造成了巨大的经济损失。目前，对虾疾病的发生与环境应激和生理功能障碍直接相关，尤其是环境应激已成为诱发疾病的重要因素。因此，如何调节甲壳类动物在环境胁迫下的免疫防御，已成为虾病防治的首要问题。神经内分泌-免疫系统在维持体内平衡和增强环境适应性方面发挥着至关重要的作用。此外，在进化意义上，随着神经系统和免疫系统同源理论的提出，无脊椎动物神经内分泌免疫系统的研究逐渐成为热点。这篇综述描述了脊椎动物和无脊椎动物神经内分泌系统和免疫系统的进化和交流机制，总结了甲壳类动物的神经内分泌系统和免疫系统的特点，重点研究了环境应激如何影响神经内分泌系统对免疫系统的调节。在甲壳类动物中，以及这些规定对宿主免疫防御的影响。本综述还介绍了环境胁迫下甲壳动物肠道的免疫调节以及病原体胁迫对甲壳动物免疫的影响，