Porcelain crabs that inhabit contrasting environments along the Southeastern Pacific coast have developed physiological adaptive responses to the harsh environmental conditions. However, it is not yet known if these responses are already present in early life stages, in embryos, for example, which are more vulnerable to environmental fluctuations than adults. In this study, we subjected ovigerous female crabs of three crab species (Allopetrolisthes punctatus, Petrolisthes laevigatus, and Petrolisthes violaceus) to different periods of emersion (0, 1, 3, and 5 hr) to measure the weight and biochemical parameters (i.e., glucose and lactate) in their embryos after a period of stress induction through emersion. The results indicate that after five hours of emersion, P. laevigatus' embryos had the highest dry weight. This same trend was observed in the embryos of P. violaceus. Allopetrolisthes punctatus' embryos had the lowest weight. The embryos' glucose content in P. laevigatus and P. violaceus was consumed during the emersion time, while in embryos of A. punctatus it remained relatively constant. The highest glucose content was reported in P. laevigatus, followed by P. violaceus and A. punctatus. The lactate content showed an opposite trend and was gradually accumulated with increasing emersion time. Petrolisthes laevigatus had the highest lactate content. This study reveals that the early ontogeny of these porcelain crabs is well adapted to long periods of emersion, showing biochemical adaptive responses linked to aerobic metabolism. These adaptations could reflect a distinctive physiological trait, explaining why porcelain crabs are able to survive in contrasting conditions.

中文翻译：

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出现时间如何影响沿海海洋无脊椎动物物种的胚胎？东南太平洋三种瓷蟹的生化反应

居住在东南太平洋沿岸对比鲜明的环境中的瓷蟹已经对恶劣的环境条件产生了生理适应性反应。然而，尚不清楚这些反应是否已经存在于生命早期阶段，例如胚胎，比成人更容易受到环境波动的影响。在这项研究中，我们遭受三种蟹类（产卵雌蟹Allopetrolisthes毛虫，Petrolisthes laevigatus和Petrolisthes菜) 到不同时期的出现（0、1、3 和 5 小时），以测量通过出现压力诱导一段时间后胚胎的重量和生化参数（即葡萄糖和乳酸）。结果表明，在出苗 5 小时后，P. laevigatus的胚胎具有最高的干重。在P. violaceus的胚胎中观察到了同样的趋势。Alllopetrolisthes punctatus的胚胎重量最低。P. laevigatus和P 中胚胎的葡萄糖含量。 violaceus在出现期间被消耗，而在A. punctatus 的胚胎中它保持相对稳定。最高的葡萄糖含量报告于P. laevigatus，其次是P. violaceus和A. punctatus。乳酸含量呈相反趋势，并随着出现时间的增加而逐渐积累。Petrolisthes laevigatus的乳酸含量最高。这项研究表明，这些瓷蟹的早期个体发育很好地适应了长时间的出现，显示出与有氧代谢相关的生化适应性反应。这些适应可能反映了一种独特的生理特征，解释了为什么瓷蟹能够在不同的条件下生存。