Submarine Groundwater Discharge Releases CO2 to a Coral Reef,ACS ES&T Water

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Submarine Groundwater Discharge Releases CO2 to a Coral Reef
ACS ES&T Water ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-04 , DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.1c00104
Rogger E. Correa _{1,

2,

3} , M. Bayani Cardenas ₄ , Raymond S. Rodolfo _{5,

6} , Mark R. Lapus ₆ , Kay L. Davis ₁ , Anna B. Giles ₁ , Jose C. Fullon ₇ , Mithra-Christin Hajati ₈ , Nils Moosdorf _{9,

10} , Christian J. Sanders ₁ , Isaac R. Santos _{1,

11}

Affiliation

National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, P.O. Box 4321, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales 2450, Australia
Corporación Merceditas - Merceditas Corporation, Medellín 050021, Colombia
Forestry Corporation of New South Wales, 2450 Coffs Harbour, Australia
Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 2275, United States
Department of Environmental Sciences, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City 1108, Philippines
Agricultural Sustainability Initiatives for Nature, Inc., Quezon City 1100, Philippines
Planet Dive Resort, Anilao, Batangas 4202, Philippines
Landesamt für Bergbau, Energie und Geologie, Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hannover, Germany
Department of Biogeochemistry and Geology, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), 28359 Bremen, Germany
Institute of Geosciences, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) flows into coral reefs. In volcanically active areas, the incoming groundwater is typically CO₂-rich which can alter the carbon balance and views on how coral reefs function at prevailing high CO₂. We quantified dynamic hydrothermal SGD and CO₂ fluxes to a Philippine coral reef over a spring-neap tidal cycle. SGD rates, with mean of 35 cm d^–1 and 5–95% range of 0–147.8 cm d^–1. The groundwater-CO₂ fluxes (266 mmol m² d^–1; range: 0–1111 mmol m² d^–1) were up to ∼300-fold larger than evasion of CO₂ to the atmosphere. The reef seawater pCO₂ (493 μatm; range: 421–680 μatm) remained above atmospheric values and spanned the upper end of the range of atmospheric levels (400–500 μatm) expected for the next century. Because of the hydrothermal SGD, the reef has prevailing above-atmospheric CO₂ and is a source to the atmosphere and nearby waters.

中文翻译：

海底地下水排放向珊瑚礁释放二氧化碳

海底地下水排放 (SGD) 流入珊瑚礁。在火山活跃的地区，流入的地下水通常富含CO ₂，这会改变碳平衡以及珊瑚礁在盛行的高 CO _{2 下}如何运作的观点。我们量化了在春季-小潮周期内流入菲律宾珊瑚礁的动态热液 SGD 和 CO ₂通量。SGD 率，平均值为 35 cm d ^–1和 5–95% 的范围为 0–147.8 cm d ^–1。地下水-CO ₂通量（266 mmol m ² d ^–1；范围：0-1111 mmol m ² d ^–1）比 CO _{2 的}逃逸量高约 300 倍到气氛。珊瑚礁海水 pCO ₂ (493 μatm；范围：421–680 μatm) 仍然高于大气值，并跨越了下个世纪预期的大气水平范围 (400–500 μatm) 的上限。由于热液 SGD，珊瑚礁中的 CO ₂普遍高于大气层，并且是大气和附近水域的来源。

更新日期：2021-08-13

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