ABSTRACT

In recent decades, the relationship between weak empathy and the development of antisocial and offending behaviours has been well established. In the first review of its kind, this paper outlines the current implementation of empathy intervention programmes in a variety of disciplines. This paper will identify some key agents that are instrumental in empathy development and build a case to suggest that where such traditional sources of empathy development are inadequate, interventions are crucial to bridge the gap. To date, the few offender empathy interventions that have been implemented and assessed heed mixed results by crime type, sample type, gender, and empathy type. Novel, evidence-led recommendations will be made in relation to the timing, content, format, length, and location of future interventions, and the importance of the consideration of baseline empathy and individual differences will be outlined. Deficient empathy must be of central concern to criminal justice agencies and identified and addressed from infancy and throughout the life course. By using a combination of universal programmes with general populations and specific offender-targeted programmes, a holistic approach can be achieved.

摘要

近几十年来，弱同理心与反社会和冒犯行为的发展之间的关系已经得到很好的确立。在同类文章的第一篇综述中，本文概述了当前在各种学科中实施的移情干预计划。本文将确定一些有助于同理心发展的关键因素，并建立一个案例来表明，在这种传统的同理心发展来源不足的情况下，干预对于弥合差距至关重要。迄今为止，已实施和评估的少数罪犯移情干预措施在犯罪类型、样本类型、性别和移情类型方面的结果喜忧参半。将就未来干预的时间、内容、格式、长度和位置提出新颖的、以证据为导向的建议，并将概述考虑基线同理心和个体差异的重要性。缺乏同理心必须是刑事司法机构的核心关注点，并从婴儿期和整个生命过程中识别和解决。通过将普遍方案与一般人群和针对特定罪犯的方案结合使用，可以实现整体方法。