ABSTRACT

Although identified in the definition of leisure constraints, leisure enjoyment has been rarely studied as an outcome of constraints and constraint negotiation. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to examine the associations among leisure constraints, constraint negotiation, and enjoyment, within the context of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA). Cross-sectional online survey data from 618 Japanese and Euro-Canadian adults were used. Regression results suggested that across different levels of LTPA, enjoyment was negatively associated with constraints and positively with constraint negotiation. Follow-up regression analyses at sub-category level identified specific types of leisure constraints and negotiation strategies particularly pertinent to enjoyment. We conclude that leisure enjoyment is a direct outcome of constraints and constraint negotiation, which supports the call to extend the leisure constraints theory beyond participation as the outcome. Moreover, we suggest that facilitating leisure enjoyment requires awareness of different types of constraints and negotiation strategies depending on activity contexts.

摘要

尽管在休闲约束的定义中确定，休闲享受很少被研究为约束和约束协商的结果。因此，本文的目的是在休闲时间体育活动 (LTPA) 的背景下检查休闲约束、约束协商和享受之间的关联。使用了来自 618 名日本和欧洲-加拿大成年人的横断面在线调查数据。回归结果表明，在不同级别的 LTPA 中，享受与约束负相关，与约束协商正相关。子类别级别的后续回归分析确定了与享受特别相关的特定类型的休闲限制和谈判策略。我们得出结论，休闲享受是约束和约束协商的直接结果，这支持将休闲约束理论扩展到参与之外的呼吁作为结果。此外，我们建议促进休闲享受需要根据活动环境了解不同类型的约束和谈判策略。