We integrate high-resolution full-waveform velocity models with seismic reflection images to map the peak ring and impactite stratigraphy at the Chicxulub structure. International Ocean Discovery Program/International Continental scientific Drilling Program Site M0077 provides ground truth for our interpretations. The peak ring is narrower (∼10 km width) where it is high relief (600–700 m below seafloor) and wider (∼15 km width) where it is lower relief (1,000–1,200 m below seafloor). Both target asymmetry and angle of impact could have contributed to observed differences in peak ring morphology. We interpret a layer of lowered velocities as a resurge layer formed from the ocean resurge, seiche, and returning tsunami flowing into the newly formed impact basin. This graded suevite layer has an average thickness of 187 ± 58 m with only local thickness differences within the annular trough, peak ring, and central basin. These observations suggest that the returning ocean was of substantial height and energetic enough to carry debris across the entire topographic peak ring. We map impact melt rock throughout the crater, with a thick impact melt sheet in the central basin (>500 m), thin intermittent melt rock capping the peak ring, and a ∼500-m thick layer of melt rock in the annular trough near the peak ring that thins toward the crater rim. We estimate that ∼70%–75% of the melt rock volume is in the central basin. We image features above and adjacent to the central basin melt sheet that we interpret as upflow zones associated with a long-lasting hydrothermal system.

中文翻译：

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使用钻井和地震数据绘制希克苏鲁伯撞击地层和峰环图

我们将高分辨率全波形速度模型与地震反射图像相结合，以绘制希克苏鲁伯构造的峰环和撞击岩地层图。国际海洋发现计划/国际大陆科学钻探计划站点 M0077 为我们的解释提供了基本事实。峰环在高地势（海底以下 600-700 米）处较窄（约 10 公里宽），而在地势较低（海底以下 1,000-1,200 米）处较宽（约 15 公里宽）。目标不对称性和撞击角度都可能导致观察到的峰值环形态差异。我们将速度降低的一层解释为由海洋回潮、海啸和回流海啸流入新形成的撞击盆地而形成的回潮层。这个分级的麂皮岩层的平均厚度为 187 ± 58 m，仅在环形槽、峰环和中央盆地内有局部厚度差异。这些观察结果表明，返回的海洋具有相当高的高度和能量，足以携带碎片穿过整个地形峰环。我们绘制了整个火山口的撞击熔岩图，中央盆地有厚厚的撞击熔岩层（> 500 m），薄的间歇熔岩覆盖了峰环，附近的环形槽中有约 500 米厚的熔岩层。向火山口边缘变薄的峰环。我们估计大约 70% 到 75% 的熔岩体积位于中央盆地。我们对中央盆地融化片上方和附近的特征进行了成像，我们将其解释为与长期热液系统相关的上流区。