Pure water will become a golden resource in the context of the rising pollution, climate change and the recycling economy, calling for advanced purification methods such as the use of nanostructured adsorbents. However, coming up with an ideal nanoadsorbent for micropollutant removal is a real challenge because nanoadsorbents, which demonstrate very good performances at laboratory scale, do not necessarily have suitable properties in in full-scale water purification and wastewater treatment systems. Here, magnetic nanoadsorbents appear promising because they can be easily separated from the slurry phase into a denser sludge phase by applying a magnetic field. Yet, there are only few examples of large-scale use of magnetic adsorbents for water purification and wastewater treatment. Here, we review magnetic nanoadsorbents for the removal of micropollutants, and we explain the integration of magnetic separation in the existing treatment plants. We found that the use of magnetic nanoadsorbents is an effective option in water treatment, but lacks maturity in full-scale water treatment facilities. The concentrations of magnetic nanoadsorbents in final effluents can be controlled by using magnetic separation, thus minimizing the ecotoxicicological impact. Academia and the water industry should better collaborate to integrate magnetic separation in full-scale water purification and wastewater treatment plants.

中文翻译：

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用于实际水处理中微污染物去除的磁性纳米吸附剂：综述。

在污染加剧、气候变化和循环经济的背景下，纯净水将成为黄金资源，需要先进的净化方法，例如使用纳米结构吸附剂。然而，提出一种用于去除微污染物的理想纳米吸附剂是一个真正的挑战，因为纳米吸附剂在实验室规模上表现出非常好的性能，但不一定在大规模水净化和废水处理系统中具有合适的性能。在这里，磁性纳米吸附剂看起来很有前途，因为它们可以通过施加磁场轻松地从浆料相分离成更致密的污泥相。然而，大规模使用磁性吸附剂进行水净化和废水处理的例子却很少。在这里，我们回顾了用于去除微污染物的磁性纳米吸附剂，并解释了现有处理厂中磁分离的集成。我们发现使用磁性纳米吸附剂是水处理的有效选择，但在全面的水处理设施中缺乏成熟度。最终废水中磁性纳米吸附剂的浓度可以通过磁力分离进行控制，从而最大限度地减少生态毒理学影响。学术界和水行业应该更好地合作，将磁分离技术集成到大型水净化和废水处理厂中。