The Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport (InSight) mission touched down in Elysium Planitia on 26 November 2018, becoming NASA’s eighth successful entry, descent, and landing (EDL) at Mars. InSight inherited the successful 2008 Phoenix (PHX) EDL system, flying a nonspinning, ballistic trajectory with a 70 deg sphere–cone aeroshell (2.65 m diameter), a disk–gap–band parachute, and pulsed terminal descent and landing engines. InSight and Phoenix exhibited similar behavior, primarily in terms of trim attitude and an uninitiated roll reversal correlated with dynamic pressure, although the behaviors observed for InSight were more severe. For InSight, the initial clockwise roll and nonzero trim angle of attack were significant contributors to a short timeline, larger-than-predicted deceleration loads, and cross-track and up-track errors in landing location. The InSight and Phoenix reconstructions together indicate behavior more characteristic of a single, continuous instability region, suggesting that errors in the trim behavior from hypersonic nonequilibrium aerodynamics predictions along the dynamic pressure pulse may have a more substantial impact on nonspinning, ballistic entry vehicle performance.

使用地震调查、大地测量和热传输的内部探索 (InSight) 任务于 2018 年 11 月 26 日在 Elysium Planitia 着陆，成为 NASA 第八次在火星上成功进入、下降和着陆 (EDL)。InSight 继承了 2008 年成功的 Phoenix (PHX) EDL 系统，该系统使用 70 度球锥气壳（直径 2.65 m）、圆盘间隙带降落伞和脉冲终端下降和着陆引擎，以非旋转弹道轨迹飞行。InSight 和 Phoenix 表现出类似的行为，主要是在修剪姿态和与动态压力相关的未启动的滚动反转方面，尽管 InSight 观察到的行为更严重。对于 InSight，初始顺时针滚转和非零纵倾迎角是造成时间短、减速载荷大于预期的重要因素，着陆位置的交叉航迹和上行航迹误差。InSight 和 Phoenix 的重建一起表明行为更具有单个、连续不稳定区域的特征，这表明沿动态压力脉冲的高超音速非平衡空气动力学预测的配平行为中的错误可能对非旋转、弹道进入车辆的性能产生更实质性的影响。