Peltophorum (Caesalpinioideae: Fabaceae) is a well-known extant legume genus characterized by marginally bi-winged fruits. No reliable fossils of Peltophorum have been reported previously. Here, we report for the first time well-substantiated fossil fruits of Peltophorum exhibiting an oblong to narrowly elliptic fruit body with longitudinal wings along both margins. The fossils originated from upper Neogene (Pliocene: Rajdanda Formation) sediments of Chotanagpur Plateau in eastern India. Our findings add a new fossil member, Peltophorum asiatica, to this pantropical genus and enrich our knowledge of its past diversity and evolution. We discuss the paleoclimatic significance of recovery of P. asiatica in eastern India by making inferences from extant Peltophorum. Our discovery adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting that the Pliocene climate of eastern India was warm, humid and tropical.

Peltophorum (Caesalpinioideae: Fabaceae) 是一种众所周知的现存豆科植物，其特征是边缘双翅果实。以前没有报道过Peltophorum 的可靠化石。在这里，我们首次报告了证明充分的Peltophorum化石果实，其子实体呈椭圆形至狭长椭圆形，两侧边缘有纵向翅膀。这些化石起源于印度东部 Chotanagpur 高原的上新近纪（上新世：Rajdanda 组）沉积物。我们的发现为这个泛热带属增加了一个新的化石成员Peltophorum asiatica，并丰富了我们对其过去多样性和进化的了解。我们讨论了亚洲松恢复的古气候意义在印度东部通过从现存的Peltophorum做出推断。我们的发现增加了越来越多的证据表明印度东部的上新世气候温暖、潮湿和热带。