The wake following a vessel in water is a signature interference effect of moving bodies, and, as described by Lord Kelvin, is contained within a constant universal angle. However, wakes may accompany different kinds of moving disturbances in other situations and even in lattice systems. Here, we investigate the effect of moving disturbances on a Fermi lattice gas of ultracold atoms and analyze the novel types of wake patterns that may occur. We show how at half-filling, the wake angles are dominated by the ratio of the hopping energy to the velocity of the disturbance and on the angle of motion relative to the lattice direction. Moreover, we study the difference between wakes left behind a moving particle detector versus that of a moving potential or a moving particle extractor. We show that these scenarios exhibit dramatically different behavior at half-filling, with the “measurement wake” following an idealized detector vanishing, though the motion of the detector does still leaves a trace through a “fluctuation wake.” Finally, we discuss the experimental requirements to observe our predictions in ultracold fermionic atoms in optical lattices.

中文翻译：

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晶格费米子中的量子唤醒

跟随水中船只的尾流是运动物体的标志性干扰效应，正如开尔文勋爵所描述的那样，它包含在一个恒定的普遍角度内。然而，在其他情况下，甚至在晶格系统中，尾流可能伴随着不同类型的运动扰动。在这里，我们研究了移动扰动对超冷原子的费米晶格气体的影响，并分析了可能发生的新型尾流模式。我们展示了在半填充时，尾流角如何由跳跃能量与扰动速度的比率以及相对于晶格方向的运动角度决定。此外，我们研究了移动粒子探测器留下的尾迹与移动电位或移动粒子提取器留下的尾迹之间的差异。我们表明，这些场景在半填充时表现出截然不同的行为，理想化探测器之后的“测量尾迹”消失了，尽管探测器的运动仍然通过“波动尾迹”留下痕迹。最后，我们讨论了观察我们对光学晶格中超冷费米子原子的预测的实验要求。