Diabetes is a disease that affects many people around the world. Its complications are the cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and increased mortality. That is why the search for predictive biomarkers is so important. The aim of the study was to show the prevalence of the problem and risk factors in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. These patients are often overweight and obese, and the percentage of lipid disorders is particularly high. The discussed markers of CVD risk in type 1 diabetes include apolipoproteins (apo-B and apo-C3), modified forms of LDL, and the role of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Recently, a new look at the vasoprotective effect of HDL has appeared, which due to its dysfunctional form in type 1 diabetes may not protect against cardiovascular risk. The HDL proteome in type 1 diabetes has an altered protein composition compared to the healthy population. Another direction of research is determining the importance of trace elements (mainly Mg) in the development of diabetes complications.

中文翻译：

---

体重异常和血脂异常是 1 型糖尿病儿童和青少年心血管疾病的危险因素

糖尿病是一种影响世界各地许多人的疾病。其并发症是心血管疾病（CVD）和死亡率增加的原因。这就是为什么寻找预测性生物标志物如此重要。该研究的目的是显示 1 型糖尿病儿童和青少年中该问题的普遍性和危险因素。这些患者往往超重、肥胖，血脂紊乱的比例特别高。讨论的 1 型糖尿病 CVD 风险标志物包括载脂蛋白（apo-B 和 apo-C3）、修饰形式的 LDL 以及高密度脂蛋白 (HDL) 的作用。最近，人们对 HDL 的血管保护作用有了新的认识，由于其在 1 型糖尿病中的功能失调，可能无法预防心血管风险。与健康人群相比，1 型糖尿病的 HDL 蛋白质组的蛋白质组成发生了变化。研究的另一个方向是确定微量元素（主要是镁）在糖尿病并发症发生中的重要性。