The current method of agriculture entails the usage of excessive amounts of pesticides and fertilizers. The blatant use of conventional pesticides and fertilizers over several decades has led to their bioaccumulation with adverse effects on soil biodiversity and the development of resistance by pests. With the decline in clinically useful antibiotics and increase in multi drug resistant microbes, it is imperative to develop new and effective antimicrobial therapies. Growing awareness and demand for efficacious biorational pesticides are on the rise. Silver nanoparticles are widely known antimicrobials and have been in use for several purposes for a long time. This work reviews the implications of applying silver nanoparticles in agriculture and their possible consequences. The physiological and biochemical changes in plants due to the uptake of silver nanoparticles as a consequence of its morphology, capping biomolecules and method of application are comprehensively discussed in this review article. Studies on tolerance levels or stress due to silver nanoparticles by variation in concentration/doses on diverse flora and fauna are also analyzed here. Further, phytotoxicity and genotoxicity due to the metal as well as its transformation in soil, water and sludge are taken into account. We also gauge the potential of biogenic silver nanoparticles-viable antimicrobial agents for enhanced applications in agriculture as biopesticides.

目前的农业方法需要使用过量的农药和化肥。几十年来公然使用传统杀虫剂和化肥导致其生物蓄积，对土壤生物多样性和害虫产生抗药性产生不利影响。随着临床上有用的抗生素的减少和多重耐药微生物的增加，开发新的有效的抗菌疗法势在必行。对有效的生物理性杀虫剂的认识和需求正在上升。银纳米颗粒是众所周知的抗菌剂，长期以来一直用于多种用途。这项工作回顾了在农业中应用银纳米粒子的影响及其可能的后果。这篇综述文章全面讨论了由于银纳米粒子的形态、加帽生物分子和应用方法而引起的植物生理和生化变化。此处还分析了通过不同动植物的浓度/剂量变化对银纳米粒子引起的耐受水平或压力的研究。此外，还考虑了由于金属引起的植物毒性和遗传毒性以及它在土壤、水和污泥中的转化。我们还评估了生物银纳米粒子活性抗菌剂作为生物农药在农业中的增强应用的潜力。此处还分析了通过不同动植物的浓度/剂量变化对银纳米粒子引起的耐受水平或压力的研究。此外，还考虑了由于金属引起的植物毒性和遗传毒性以及它在土壤、水和污泥中的转化。我们还评估了生物银纳米粒子活性抗菌剂作为生物农药在农业中的增强应用的潜力。此处还分析了通过不同动植物的浓度/剂量变化对银纳米粒子引起的耐受水平或压力的研究。此外，还考虑了由于金属引起的植物毒性和遗传毒性以及它在土壤、水和污泥中的转化。我们还评估了生物银纳米粒子活性抗菌剂作为生物农药在农业中的增强应用的潜力。