Interactions between lymphocytes and stromal cells have an important role in immune cell development and responses. During inflammation, stromal cells contribute to inflammation, from induction to chronicity or resolution, through direct cell interactions and through the secretion of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. Stromal cells are imprinted with tissue-specific phenotypes and contribute to site-specific lymphocyte recruitment. During chronic inflammation, the modified pro-inflammatory microenvironment leads to changes in the stromal cells, which acquire a pathogenic phenotype. At the site of inflammation, infiltrating B cells and T cells interact with stromal cells. These interactions induce a plasma cell-like phenotype in B cells and T cells, associated with secretion of immunoglobulins and inflammatory cytokines, respectively. B cells and T cells also influence the stromal cells, inducing cell proliferation, molecular changes and cytokine production. This positive feedback loop contributes to disease chronicity. This Review describes the importance of these cell interactions in chronic inflammation, with a focus on human disease, using three selected autoimmune and inflammatory diseases: rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis (and psoriasis) and systemic lupus erythematosus. Understanding the importance and disease specificity of these interactions could provide new therapeutic options.

淋巴细胞和基质细胞之间的相互作用在免疫细胞发育和反应中具有重要作用。在炎症期间，基质细胞通过直接的细胞相互作用以及促炎和抗炎介质的分泌促进炎症，从诱导到慢性或消退。基质细胞印有组织特异性表型，有助于特定部位的淋巴细胞募集。在慢性炎症期间，改良的促炎微环境导致基质细胞发生变化，从而获得致病表型。在炎症部位，浸润的 B 细胞和 T 细胞与基质细胞相互作用。这些相互作用在 B 细胞和 T 细胞中诱导浆细胞样表型，分别与免疫球蛋白和炎性细胞因子的分泌有关。B 细胞和 T 细胞也影响基质细胞，诱导细胞增殖、分子变化和细胞因子的产生。这种正反馈循环有助于疾病的慢性化。本综述描述了这些细胞相互作用在慢性炎症中的重要性，重点关注人类疾病，使用了三种选定的自身免疫和炎症疾病：类风湿性关节炎、银屑病关节炎（和银屑病）和系统性红斑狼疮。了解这些相互作用的重要性和疾病特异性可以提供新的治疗选择。专注于人类疾病，使用三种选定的自身免疫和炎症疾病：类风湿性关节炎、银屑病关节炎（和银屑病）和系统性红斑狼疮。了解这些相互作用的重要性和疾病特异性可以提供新的治疗选择。专注于人类疾病，使用三种选定的自身免疫和炎症疾病：类风湿性关节炎、银屑病关节炎（和银屑病）和系统性红斑狼疮。了解这些相互作用的重要性和疾病特异性可以提供新的治疗选择。