Since 2004, graphene has attracted a lot of attention among scientists and engineers. In recent years, graphene, a two dimensional monolayer planar sheet of sp²-bonded carbon atom has witnessed a revolution in its applications because of its exemplary unique properties in terms of large specific surface area, physicochemical properties, mechanical strength, extraordinary thermal and electronic conductivity. There are several techniques used to synthesize high-quality graphene on a large scale. This review summarizes the fabrication of graphene by chemical, mechanical, thermal decomposition and chemical vapor deposition. In addition, the characterization methods and applications of graphene in different research fields have been discussed. This article winds up by giving a brief summary, illuminate the problems, and states the prospects of graphene.

自 2004 年以来，石墨烯引起了科学家和工程师的广泛关注。近年来，石墨烯，一种二维单层平面片 sp ²键合碳原子因其在大比表面积、物理化学性质、机械强度、非凡的导热性和电子导电性方面具有示范性的独特性质而见证了其应用的革命。有几种技术可用于大规模合成高质量的石墨烯。这篇综述总结了通过化学、机械、热分解和化学气相沉积来制造石墨烯。此外，还讨论了石墨烯在不同研究领域的表征方法和应用。本文最后给出了一个简短的总结，阐明了问题，并陈述了石墨烯的前​​景。