Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Parkinsonian syndromes; Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and Multiple system atrophy (MSA) are debilitating neurodegenerative disorders. Fractalkine is a chemokine involved in neuroinflammation, whereas, 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) is a marker of early neurodegenerative cellular-damage. We measured Fractalkine and 3-NT levels in the serum of these patients to examine the neuroinflammation hypothesis and also to decipher the propensity of these biologics to be used as early (5 years from onset) biochemical markers in neurodegenerative Parkinsonism. The diagnoses of PD, PSP and MSA were performed as per the respective clinical criteria. 21 PD, 9 PSP and 8 MSA patients along with controls participated in this study. Serum concentrations of Fractalkine and 3-NT were measured by ELISA. Fractalkine levels were increased in PD, PSP and MSA cohorts in comparison with controls with p < 0.001, p < 0.05 and p < 0.05 respectively. Levels of 3-NT also showed elevation in PD (p < 0.01) vs. controls. However, Pearson plot showed that Fractalkine levels were high in the patients with unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale (UPDRS) part III motor score of 1, meaning slight disability, but gradually dropped in patients with motor score of 4, which is a measure of severe motor disability. This negative correlation (− .565, p < .0.01) also accentuates the neuroprotectant/anti-inflammatory nature of Fractalkine in PD. Continuous rise of 3-NT in PD, positively correlating (.512, p < 0.05) with worsening motor symptoms points to deleterious consequences of nitrosative stress. To our knowledge, this is the first report providing evidence that serum Fractalkine and 3-NT have early diagnostic/prognostic significance as PD biomarkers.

帕金森病 (PD) 和帕金森综合征；进行性核上性麻痹 (PSP) 和多系统萎缩 (MSA) 是使人衰弱的神经退行性疾病。Fractalkine 是一种参与神经炎症的趋化因子，而 3-硝基酪氨酸 (3-NT) 是早期神经退行性细胞损伤的标志物。我们测量了这些患者血清中的 Fractalkine 和 3-NT 水平，以检验神经炎症假说，并破译这些生物制剂用作神经退行性帕金森病早期（发病后 5 年）生化标志物的倾向。根据各自的临床标准进行PD、PSP和MSA的诊断。21 名 PD、9 名 PSP 和 8 名 MSA 患者以及对照组参与了这项研究。Fractalkine 和 3-NT 的血清浓度通过 ELISA 测量。p  < 0.001、p  < 0.05 和p  < 0.05。与对照组相比，3-NT 水平也显示 PD ( p  < 0.01)升高。然而，皮尔逊图显示，在统一帕金森病评定量表 (UPDRS) 第三部分运动评分为 1 的患者中，Fractalkine 水平较高，意味着轻度残疾，但在运动评分为 4 的患者中逐渐下降，这是严重程度的衡量标准。运动障碍。这种负相关 (− .565, p  < .0.01) 也突出了 Fractalkine 在 PD 中的神经保护/抗炎性质。PD 中 3-NT 持续升高，呈正相关 (.512, p < 0.05) 运动症状恶化表明亚硝化应激的有害后果。据我们所知，这是第一份提供证据证明血清 Fractalkine 和 3-NT 作为 PD 生物标志物具有早期诊断/预后意义的报告。