On any given day, almost 11 million people globally are deprived of their liberty. In 2020, the global female population was estimated to be 741,000, an increase of 105,000 since 2010. In order to investigate progress in the adoption of the Bangkok Rules since 2010, we conducted a legal realist assessment based on a global scoping exercise of empirical research and United Nations (UN) reporting, using detailed MESH terms across university and UN databases. We found evidences in 91 documents which directly relate to violations of the Bangkok Rules in 55 countries. By developing a realist account, we document the precarious situation of incarcerated women and continued evidence of systemic failures to protect them from custodial violence and other gender-sensitive human rights breaches worldwide. Despite prison violence constituting a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, very little research (from the United States, Canada, Brazil, Mexico, and Australia) has been conducted on custodial violence against women since 2010. Although standards of detention itself is a focus of UN universal periodic review, special procedures (violence against women) and concluding observations by the UN committees, very few explicitly mentioned women, and the implications of violence against them while incarcerated. We highlight three central aspects that hinder the full implementation of the Bangkok Rules; the past decade of a continued invisible nature of women as prisoners in the system; the continued legitimization, normalization, and trivialization of violence under the pretext of security within their daily lives; and the unawareness and disregard of international (Bangkok and others) rules.

在任何一天，全球都有近 1100 万人被剥夺自由。2020 年，全球女性人口估计为 741,000 人，自 2010 年以来增加了 105,000 人。为了调查自 2010 年以来曼谷规则的采用进展情况，我们根据实证研究的全球范围界定活动进行了法律现实主义评估和联合国 (UN) 报告，使用跨大学和联合国数据库的详细 MESH 术语。我们在 91 份文件中找到了与 55 个国家违反曼谷规则直接相关的证据。通过开发一个现实主义的账户，我们记录了被监禁妇女的不稳定处境，以及系统性未能保护她们免受世界范围内的监禁暴力和其他对性别敏感的人权侵犯的持续证据。尽管监狱暴力构成了一种复杂和多方面的现象，但自 2010 年以来，很少有研究（来自美国、加拿大、巴西、墨西哥和澳大利亚）针对女性的监禁暴力。尽管拘留标准本身是联合国普遍关注的焦点定期审查、特别程序（对妇女的暴力行为）和联合国委员会的结论性意见，很少明确提到妇女，以及在监禁期间对她们的暴力行为的影响。我们强调阻碍《曼谷规则》全面实施的三个核心方面；在过去的十年里，女性作为囚犯一直处于隐身状态；以日常生活中的安全为借口，暴力继续合法化、正常化和琐碎化；