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Desperate Times Call for Desperate Measures: Towards Risk-Adaptive Task Allocation
arXiv - CS - Robotics Pub Date : 2021-08-01 , DOI: arxiv-2108.00346
Max Rudolph, Sonia Chernova, Harish Ravichandarr

Multi-robot task allocation (MRTA) problems involve optimizing the allocation of robots to tasks. MRTA problems are known to be challenging when tasks require multiple robots and the team is composed of heterogeneous robots. These challenges are further exacerbated when we need to account for uncertainties encountered in the real-world. In this work, we address coalition formation in heterogeneous multi-robot teams with uncertain capabilities. We specifically focus on tasks that require coalitions to collectively satisfy certain minimum requirements. Existing approaches to uncertainty-aware task allocation either maximize expected pay-off (risk-neutral approaches) or improve worst-case or near-worst-case outcomes (risk-averse approaches). Within the context of our problem, we demonstrate the inherent limitations of unilaterally ignoring or avoiding risk and show that these approaches can in fact reduce the probability of satisfying task requirements. Inspired by models that explain foraging behaviors in animals, we develop a risk-adaptive approach to task allocation. Our approach adaptively switches between risk-averse and risk-seeking behavior in order to maximize the probability of satisfying task requirements. Comprehensive numerical experiments conclusively demonstrate that our risk-adaptive approach outperforms risk-neutral and risk-averse approaches. We also demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach using a simulated multi-robot emergency response scenario.

中文翻译:

绝望的时代呼吁采取绝望的措施:迈向风险自适应任务分配

多机器人任务分配 (MRTA) 问题涉及优化机器人对任务的分配。众所周知,当任务需要多个机器人并且团队由异构机器人组成时,MRTA 问题具有挑战性。当我们需要考虑现实世界中遇到的不确定性时,这些挑战会进一步加剧。在这项工作中,我们解决了能力不确定的异构多机器人团队中的联盟形成问题。我们特别关注需要联盟共同满足某些最低要求的任务。现有的不确定性感知任务分配方法要么最大化预期收益(风险中性方法),要么改善最坏情况或接近最坏情况的结果(风险规避方法)。在我们的问题范围内,我们证明了单方面忽略或避免风险的固有局限性,并表明这些方法实际上可以降低满足任务要求的可能性。受解释动物觅食行为的模型的启发,我们开发了一种风险自适应方法来分配任务。我们的方法自适应地在规避风险和寻求风险的行为之间切换,以最大限度地满足任务要求的可能性。综合数值实验最终表明,我们的风险适应方法优于风险中性和风险规避方法。我们还使用模拟的多机器人应急响应场景证明了我们方法的有效性。受解释动物觅食行为的模型的启发,我们开发了一种风险自适应方法来分配任务。我们的方法自适应地在规避风险和寻求风险的行为之间切换,以最大限度地满足任务要求的可能性。综合数值实验最终表明,我们的风险适应方法优于风险中性和风险规避方法。我们还使用模拟的多机器人应急响应场景证明了我们方法的有效性。受解释动物觅食行为的模型的启发,我们开发了一种风险自适应方法来分配任务。我们的方法自适应地在规避风险和寻求风险的行为之间切换,以最大限度地满足任务要求的可能性。综合数值实验最终表明,我们的风险适应方法优于风险中性和风险规避方法。我们还使用模拟的多机器人应急响应场景证明了我们方法的有效性。综合数值实验最终表明,我们的风险适应方法优于风险中性和风险规避方法。我们还使用模拟的多机器人应急响应场景证明了我们方法的有效性。综合数值实验最终表明,我们的风险适应方法优于风险中性和风险规避方法。我们还使用模拟的多机器人应急响应场景证明了我们方法的有效性。
更新日期:2021-08-03
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