Physical unclonable functions have been shown a useful resource of randomness for implementing various cryptographic tasks including entity authentication. All of the related entity authentication protocols that have been discussed in the literature so far, either they are vulnerable to an emulation attack, or they are limited to short distances. Hence, quantum-safe remote entity authentication over large distances remains an open question. In the first part of this work we discuss the requirements that an entity authentication protocol has to offer in order to be useful for remote entity authentication in practice. Subsequently, we propose a protocol, which can operate over large distances, and offers security against both classical and quantum adversaries. The proposed protocol relies on standard techniques, it is fully compatible with the infrastructure of existing and future photonic networks, and it can operate in parallel with other quantum protocols, including QKD protocols.

中文翻译：

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具有物理不可克隆功能的实体的远程量子安全认证

物理不可克隆函数已被证明是一种有用的随机性资源，可用于实现包括实体身份验证在内的各种加密任务。迄今为止，文献中讨论过的所有相关实体身份验证协议，要么容易受到仿真攻击，要么仅限于短距离。因此，远距离的量子安全远程实体认证仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。在这项工作的第一部分中，我们讨论了实体身份验证协议必须提供的要求，以便在实践中对远程实体身份验证有用。随后，我们提出了一种可以远距离运行的协议，并提供针对经典和量子对手的安全性。提议的协议依赖于标准技术，