Multiple antibiotic-resistant (MAR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) plays a significant role in triggering nosocomial infection in clinical settings. While P. aeruginosa isolated from the environment is often regarded as non-pathogenic, the progressive development of antibiotic resistance necessitates exploring the MAR patterns and transposable genetic elements like plasmid in the isolates. Using ecfX gene-based PCR, 32 P. aeruginosa isolates among 48 soil samples collected from the industrial region have been confirmed. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of those isolates revealed that 5 (15.63%) of them were resistant to a range of antibiotics, and they were categorized as MAR isolates. Nevertheless, all MAR isolates were found resistant to piperacillin and gentamicin, but none of them to ceftazidime, aztreonam, and ciprofloxacin. Moreover, the isolates were also showed resistance to amikacin (60%), tobramycin (80%), netilmicin (80%), imipenem (60%), doripenem (40%), meropenem (60%), and cefixime (40%). Furthermore, 60% of MAR isolates possessed double plasmids of 1000–2000 bp sizes which indicates the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in MAR P. aeruginosa might be correlated with the presence of those plasmids. The MAR index’s high threshold values (> 0.20) implied that the isolates were from high-risk environmental sites where the presence of numerous antibiotic residues happened. These findings highlighted the presence of multiple antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa of the industrial soil and a considerable prospect of transferring antibiotic resistance genes in the microbial community by plasmids. We recommend taking immediate stringent measures to prohibit the unnecessary and overuse of antibiotics in agricultural, industrial, or other purposes.

中文翻译：

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从孟加拉国吉大港工业区土壤中分离的多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌的质粒分析

多重抗生素抗性 (MAR) 铜绿假单胞菌 (P. aeruginosa) 在临床环境中引发医院感染方面发挥着重要作用。虽然从环境中分离出来的铜绿假单胞菌通常被认为是非致病性的，但抗生素抗性的逐渐发展需要探索 MAR 模式和分离物中的质粒等转座遗传元件。使用基于 ecfX 基因的 PCR，已确认从工业区收集的 48 份土壤样品中分离出 32 株铜绿假单胞菌。这些分离株的抗生素敏感性模式显示，其中 5 种（15.63%）对一系列抗生素具有抗性，它们被归类为 MAR 分离株。然而，发现所有 MAR 分离株对哌拉西林和庆大霉素耐药，但对头孢他啶、氨曲南和环丙沙星均无耐药性。此外，分离株还对阿米卡星（60%）、妥布霉素（80%）、奈替米星（80%）、亚胺培南（60%）、多利培南（40%）、美罗培南（60%）和头孢克肟（40%）耐药）。此外，60% 的 MAR 分离株具有 1000-2000 bp 大小的双质粒，这表明 MAR 铜绿假单胞菌中抗生素抗性基因的分布可能与这些质粒的存在有关。MAR 指数的高阈值 (> 0.20) 意味着分离株来自存在大量抗生素残留的高风险环境地点。这些发现强调了工业土壤中铜绿假单胞菌中存在多种抗生素抗性，以及通过质粒在微生物群落中转移抗生素抗性基因的可观前景。