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A review on Pitot tube icing in aeronautics: Research- design and characterization – future trends
Flow Measurement and Instrumentation ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-02 , DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2021.102033
Robert Jäckel 1 , Geydy Gutiérrez-Urueta 2 , Fidencio Tapia 3
Affiliation  

The correct measurement of airspeed is a crucial task since a lot of algorithms for the autopilot are based on it and even human pilots depend completely on this reading to take corrective and non-corrective actions to control the aircraft. This work presents a detailed review concerning an important aspect of aeronautical safety, i.e., Pitot tube (PT) icing. The topics covered include first the risks present in flight, relating meteorological conditions, and antecedents of air accidents related to the icing of the PT. Then, the principles of operation of the PT, its conventional design, how such design is currently regulated, as well as unique guidance for experimentation of PT. Also discussed are the principal modelling considerations for the numerical analysis of PTs including the proper selection of geometry, governing equations, turbulence models, and boundary conditions for the simulation of different flight circumstances. This guidance for both experimental and numerical analysis is enriched with a well-selected state the art research. Finally, a summary of the most recent advances and future trends is offered. The outcomes of this review exhibit several interesting ideas showing promising results, such as microwave heating of the pitot surroundings, phase change materials that delay ice formation, and even mechanical internal arrangement of bulkheads to prevent the ice to travel through the throat of the probe. The combined research efforts on novel safety measures and new designs for aeronautical PT represent a remarkable potential to improve flight security.



中文翻译:

航空学皮托管结冰综述:研究-设计和表征-未来趋势

正确测量空速是一项至关重要的任务,因为自动驾驶仪的许多算法都基于它,甚至人类飞行员也完全依赖此读数来采取纠正和非纠正措施来控制飞机。这项工作详细介绍了航空安全的一个重要方面,即皮托管 (PT) 结冰。涵盖的主题首先包括飞行中存在的风险、相关的气象条件以及与 PT 结冰相关的航空事故的前因。然后,PT 的操作原理、其常规设计、此类设计目前的监管方式以及 PT 实验的独特指导。还讨论了 PT 数值分析的主要建模考虑因素,包括正确选择几何形状、控制方程、湍流模型,以及模拟不同飞行环境的边界条件。这种对实验和数值分析的指导通过精心挑选的最先进的研究进行了丰富。最后,提供了最新进展和未来趋势的摘要。这篇综述的结果展示了几个有趣的想法,显示了有希望的结果,例如皮托管周围的微波加热、延迟冰形成的相变材料,甚至隔板的机械内部布置以防止冰穿过探头的喉咙。对航空 PT 新安全措施和新设计的联合研究工作代表了改善飞行安全的巨大潜力。这种对实验和数值分析的指导通过精心挑选的最先进的研究进行了丰富。最后,提供了最新进展和未来趋势的摘要。这篇综述的结果展示了几个有趣的想法,显示了有希望的结果,例如皮托管周围的微波加热、延迟冰形成的相变材料,甚至隔板的机械内部布置以防止冰穿过探头的喉咙。对航空 PT 新安全措施和新设计的联合研究工作代表了改善飞行安全的巨大潜力。这种对实验和数值分析的指导通过精心挑选的最先进的研究进行了丰富。最后,提供了最新进展和未来趋势的摘要。这篇综述的结果展示了几个有趣的想法,显示了有希望的结果,例如皮托管周围的微波加热、延迟冰形成的相变材料,甚至隔板的机械内部布置以防止冰穿过探头的喉咙。对航空 PT 新安全措施和新设计的联合研究工作代表了改善飞行安全的巨大潜力。这篇综述的结果展示了几个有趣的想法,显示了有希望的结果,例如皮托管周围的微波加热、延迟冰形成的相变材料,甚至隔板的机械内部布置以防止冰穿过探头的喉咙。对航空 PT 新安全措施和新设计的联合研究工作代表了改善飞行安全的巨大潜力。这篇综述的结果展示了几个有趣的想法,显示了有希望的结果,例如皮托管周围的微波加热、延迟冰形成的相变材料,甚至隔板的机械内部布置以防止冰穿过探头的喉咙。对航空 PT 新安全措施和新设计的联合研究工作代表了改善飞行安全的巨大潜力。

更新日期:2021-08-04
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