Oral-nasal mucosal immunity plays a crucial role in protecting the body against bacterial and viral invasion. Safe probiotic products have been used to enhance human immunity and oral health. In this study, we verified the beneficial effects of mixed viable probiotic tablets, consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salicinius AP-32, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CP-9, and Lactobacillus paracasei ET-66, and heat-killed probiotic tablets, consisting of L. salivarius subsp. salicinius AP-32 and L. paracasei ET-66, on oral immunity among 45 healthy participants. Participants were randomly divided into viable probiotic, heat-killed probiotic, and placebo groups. The administration of treatment lasted for 4 weeks. Saliva samples were collected at Weeks 0, 2, 4, and 6, and Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus mutans populations and IgA concentration were measured. IgA concentrations, levels of TGF-beta and IL-10 in PBMCs cells were quantified by ELISA method. Results showed that salivary IgA levels were significantly increased on administration of both the viable (119.30 ± 12.63%, ***P < 0.001) and heat-killed (116.78 ± 12.28%, ***P < 0.001) probiotics for 4 weeks. Among three probiotic strains, AP-32 would effectively increase the levels of TGF-beta and IL-10 in PBMCs. The oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans was significantly reduced on viable probiotic tablet administration (49.60 ± 31.01%, ***P < 0.001). The in vitro antibacterial test confirmed that viable probiotics effectively limited the survival rate of oral pathogens. Thus, this clinical pilot study demonstrated that oral probiotic tablets both in viable form or heat-killed form could exert beneficial effects on oral immunity via IL-10, TGB-beta mediated IgA secretion. The effective dosage of viable probiotic content in the oral tablet was 10⁹ CFUs/g and the heat-killed oral tablet was 1 × 10¹⁰ cells/g.

口鼻粘膜免疫在保护身体免受细菌和病毒入侵方面起着至关重要的作用。安全的益生菌产品已被用于增强人体免疫力和口腔健康。在这项研究中，我们验证了由唾液乳杆菌亚种组成的混合活性益生菌片剂的有益效果。salicinius AP-32，动物双歧杆菌亚种。lactis CP-9 和Lactobacillus paracasei ET-66，以及由L. salivarius subsp. 组成的热灭活益生菌片剂。salicinius AP-32 和L. paracaseiET-66，关于 45 名健康参与者的口腔免疫。参与者被随机分为活益生菌组、热灭生益生菌组和安慰剂组。治疗的施用持续了4周。在第 0、2、4 和 6 周收集唾液样本，并测量乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌和变形链球菌种群和 IgA 浓度。通过ELISA方法定量PBMC细胞中IgA浓度、TGF-β和IL-10水平。结果显示唾液 IgA 水平在施用活菌 (119.30 ± 12.63%, *** P  < 0.001) 和热灭活 (116.78 ± 12.28%, *** P < 0.001) 益生菌 4 周。在三种益生菌菌株中，AP-32 可有效提高 PBMC 中 TGF-β 和 IL-10 的水平。口服益生菌片剂可显着减少口腔病原体变形链球菌(49.60 ± 31.01%, *** P  < 0.001)。体外抗菌试验证实，活的益生菌有效地限制了口腔病原体的存活率。因此，这项临床试验研究表明，口服益生菌片剂无论是活的形式还是热灭的形式，都可以通过 IL-10、TGB-β 介导的 IgA 分泌对口腔免疫产生有益的影响。口服片剂中活性益生菌含量的有效剂量为10 ⁹ CFUs/g，热灭活口服片剂为1×10 ¹⁰细胞/g。