According to the Stereotype Content Model (SCM), the content of stereotypes differs on two dimensions: communion and agency. Research shows that for stereotypes about the general gender categories of "women" and "men," there is an ambivalent pattern of communion and agency, where high levels on one dimension are associated with low levels on the other. For sexual minority stereotypes, a gender inversion has been found, whereas homosexual women are seen as more similar to men in general than to women in general, whereas homosexual men are seen as more similar to women in general than to men in general. However, there is limited research on how stereotype content for general groups relate to stereotype content for subgroups with intersecting category memberships. This research addresses this gap by investigating stereotype content at the intersection of gender and sexual orientation, including stereotype content for general gender groups, heterosexual groups, homosexual groups, and bisexual groups. In Study 1, a community sample from Sweden (N = 824) rated perceived communion and agency for women and men in general, as well as hetero-, homo-, and bisexual women and men. In Study 2, a nationally representative Swedish sample (N = 424) performed the same rating task, and in addition completed Single-Category IATs (SC-IATs) for warmth and competence. Results from both studies show that the stereotype content for the general categories "women" and "men" overlap with the stereotype content for heterosexual same-gender targets. Homosexual and bisexual groups were rated as more similar to their non-congruent gender category than same gender heterosexual categories were, but stereotype content for sexual minority groups did not overlap with either general gender categories, thus showing only incomplete gender inversion of stereotype content. Implicit associations between "women" and "warmth" were significantly stronger than associations between "men" and "warmth." There were no other significant relations between implicit associations to warmth/competence and gender or sexual orientation. Theoretical and methodological implications for future research into intersectional stereotype content are presented, including how the findings inform the co-dependent relationship between a binary gender structure and a heteronormative ideology.

中文翻译：

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性别和性取向交叉点的刻板印象内容。

根据刻板印象内容模型（SCM），刻板印象的内容在两个维度上有所不同：交流和代理。研究表明，对于“女性”和“男性”的一般性别类别的刻板印象，存在一种矛盾的交流和代理模式，其中一个维度的高水平与另一个维度的低水平相关。对于性少数群体的刻板印象，已发现性别倒置，而同性恋女性被视为与男性的总体相似度高于女性，而同性恋男性与女性的总体相似度高于总体上与男性的相似度。然而，关于一般群体的刻板印象内容如何与具有交叉类别成员资格的子群体的刻板印象内容相关的研究有限。本研究通过调查性别和性取向交叉点的刻板印象内容来解决这一差距，包括针对一般性别群体、异性恋群体、同性恋群体和双性恋群体的刻板印象内容。在研究 1 中，来自瑞典的社区样本 (N = 824) 对一般女性和男性以及异性恋、同性恋和双性恋女性和男性的感知交流和代理进行了评级。在研究 2 中，一个具有全国代表性的瑞典样本 (N = 424) 执行了相同的评分任务，此外还完成了关于热情和能力的单类 IAT (SC-IAT)。这两项研究的结果表明，一般类别“女性”和“男性”的刻板印象内容与异性恋同性目标的刻板印象内容重叠。与相同性别的异性恋类别相比，同性恋和双性恋群体被评为与其非一致性别类别更相似，但性少数群体的刻板印象内容与任何一个一般性别类别都不重叠，因此仅显示刻板印象内容的不完全性别倒置。“女性”和“温暖”之间的隐含关联明显强于“男性”和“温暖”之间的关联。与温暖/能力和性别或性取向的内隐关联之间没有其他显着关系。提出了对未来交叉刻板印象内容研究的理论和方法论意义，包括研究结果如何告知二元性别结构和异性恋意识形态之间的相互依赖关系。