Moderate calorie restriction (CR) has long been recognized to reduce the risk of chronic diseases that are associated with obesity and aging. Intermittent fasting (IF) has recently emerged as a viable alternative to daily CR to reduce risk markers of chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The majority of trials have shown that IF provides similar metabolic and weight benefits to CR, although a few suggest that IF maybe superior to CR. The type of fasting protocol that is employed varies widely and could underpin the divergence in study outcomes. This review will discuss the findings of currently available IF versus CR trials, the protocol differences that exist between studies, as well as the gaps that still exist in the field, and finally will highlight upcoming studies that will further our understanding of the metabolic effectiveness of IF diets for metabolic health.

长期以来，人们已经认识到适度卡路里限制 (CR) 可以降低患与肥胖和衰老相关的慢性疾病的风险。间歇性禁食 (IF) 最近已成为每日 CR 的可行替代方案，以降低慢性疾病（如 2 型糖尿病和心血管疾病）的风险标志物。大多数试验表明，IF 提供了与 CR 相似的代谢和体重益处，尽管少数试验表明 IF 可能优于 CR。所采用的禁食协议类型差异很大，可能会导致研究结果的分歧。本综述将讨论当前可用的 IF 与 CR 试验的结果、研究之间存在的方案差异以及该领域仍然存在的差距，