The role of the microbiota in the development and function of γδ T cells—a T cell subset characterized by a T cell receptor composed of one γ-chain and one δ-chain—has been investigated in multiple organs in mice and humans. Interactions between the microbiota and γδ T cells affect both tissue homeostasis and disease pathologies. Notably, microbiota-induced interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing-γδ T cells can mediate a range of immunological processes, from metabolic disorders to neuroinflammation via the gut–brain axis. However, the bidirectional interactions between γδ T cells and the microbiota have not been fully determined. In this Perspective, we dissect the roles of microbiota in modulating γδ T cell development and function, and evaluate the evidence for γδ T cell selection of commensal communities. We also discuss the potential implications of these cells in health and disease and the major open questions and research avenues in the field.

已经在小鼠和人类的多个器官中研究了微生物群在 γδ T 细胞（一种 T 细胞亚群，其特征是由一条 γ 链和一条 δ 链组成的 T 细胞受体）的发育和功能中的作用。微生物群和 γδ T 细胞之间的相互作用影响组织稳态和疾病病理。值得注意的是，微生物群诱导的产生白细胞介素 17 (IL-17) 的 γδ T 细胞可以通过肠-脑轴介导一系列免疫过程，从代谢紊乱到神经炎症。然而，γδ T 细胞与微生物群之间的双向相互作用尚未完全确定。在这个视角中，我们剖析了微生物群在调节 γδ T 细胞发育和功能中的作用，并评估了共生群落选择 γδ T 细胞的证据。