In this work, copper and zinc co-doped coatings were successfully produced on commercially pure titanium samples by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) using a sodium borate-based electrolyte. The effect of different duty cycles and frequencies on the treatment process was assessed, showing a significant influence of these parameters on the morphology and physical–chemical properties of the produced coatings. In particular, the coatings formed by applying duty cycles above 50% and 100 Hz frequency showed the highest thickness, surface homogeneity and porosity among all the treatment conditions. Moreover, the treatment significantly increased the wettability of all the samples, leading to a superhydrophilic behavior. The undoped PEO surface showed a clear bacteriostatic capability, given by its tuned morphology (high homogeneity and controlled pore size) and chemical-physical properties (high wettability), while the doping ions conferred antibacterial properties to the specimens, significantly reducing the number and the metabolic activity of the typical pathogens responsible for bone infections upon surgery (S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli). Furthermore, the same ions did not induce any cytotoxic effect on Saos-2 osteoblasts, while the release of the early osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) suggested a pro-osteogenic activity of the surfaces.

在这项工作中，使用基于硼酸钠的电解质通过等离子体电解氧化 (PEO) 在商业纯钛样品上成功制备了铜和锌共掺杂涂层。评估了不同占空比和频率对处理过程的影响，表明这些参数对所生产涂层的形态和物理化学性质有显着影响。特别是，通过施加 50% 以上的占空比和 100 Hz 频率形成的涂层在所有处理条件中显示出最高的厚度、表面均匀性和孔隙率。此外，处理显着增加了所有样品的润湿性，导致超亲水行为。未掺杂的 PEO 表面显示出明显的抑菌能力，金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌）。此外，相同的离子不会对 Saos-2 成骨细胞产生任何细胞毒性作用，而早期成骨标志物碱性磷酸酶 (ALP) 的释放表明表面具有促成骨活性。