The open source Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) library, OpenFOAM, is utilized to simulate the water impact of two-dimensional wedges and ship bow sections. For the free falling cases, the predicted results are validated against existing experimental data, and the parameter study is performed regarding the number of cells, time step, and width of the water domain applied in the numerical models. Grid uncertainty analysis for the CFD results is performed with a constant Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy number, to assess the consistency and accuracy of the CFD solver in solving the present problem. Three uncertainty estimation methods are compared on the peak slamming forces and pressures: Correction Factor (Cf), Factor of Safety (Fs), and Least-squares Fit (Lf) based approaches. All three of them can provide reliable uncertainty estimation for CFD simulations, as long as the right mesh configuration has been used. The variations of pressure distribution on wedge sections with various deadrise angles and initial entry velocities are analyzed. To examine the capability of the tool to predict the slamming loads for a section with roll motions two cases are simulated: one considering a free roll motion and another with constant roll angles. The predicted slamming loads are compared with the available experimental data and other numerical results.

开源计算流体动力学 (CFD) 库 OpenFOAM 用于模拟二维楔形和船首部分的水冲击。对于自由落体情况，根据现有实验数据验证预测结果，并针对数值模型中应用的单元数、时间步长和水域宽度进行参数研究。CFD 结果的网格不确定性分析是使用恒定的 Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy 数进行的，以评估 CFD 求解器在解决当前问题时的一致性和准确性。在峰值撞击力和压力上比较了三种不确定性估计方法：校正系数 (Cf)、安全系数 (Fs) 和基于最小二乘拟合 (Lf) 的方法。只要使用了正确的网格配置，这三者都可以为 CFD 模拟提供可靠的不确定性估计。分析了不同死角和初始进入速度下楔形截面压力分布的变化。为了检查该工具预测具有侧倾运动的截面的砰击载荷的能力，模拟了两种情况：一种考虑自由侧倾运动，另一种考虑恒定侧倾角。将预测的撞击载荷与可用的实验数据和其他数值结果进行比较。为了检查该工具预测具有侧倾运动的截面的砰击载荷的能力，模拟了两种情况：一种考虑自由侧倾运动，另一种考虑恒定侧倾角。将预测的撞击载荷与可用的实验数据和其他数值结果进行比较。为了检查该工具预测具有侧倾运动的截面的砰击载荷的能力，模拟了两种情况：一种考虑自由侧倾运动，另一种考虑恒定侧倾角。将预测的撞击载荷与可用的实验数据和其他数值结果进行比较。