Wood is considered the most important renewable resource for a future sustainable bioeconomy. It is traditionally used in the building sector, where it has gained importance in recent years as a sustainable alternative to steel and concrete. Additionally, it is the basis for the development of novel bio-based functional materials. However, wood's sustainability as a green resource is often diminished by unsustainable processing and modification techniques. They mostly rely on fossil-based precursors and yield inseparable hybrids and composites that cannot be reused or recycled. In this article, we discuss the state of the art of environmental sustainability in wood science and technology. We give an overview of established and upcoming approaches for the sustainable production of wood-based materials. This comprises wood protection and adhesion for the building sector, as well as the production of sustainable wood-based functional materials. Moreover, we elaborate on the end of lifetime perspective of wood products. The concept of wood cascading is presented as a possibility for a more efficient use of the resource to increase its beneficial impact on climate change mitigation. We advocate for a holistic approach in wood science and technology that not only focuses on the material's development and production but also considers recycling and end of lifetime perspectives of the products.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bio-derived and bioinspired sustainable advanced materials for emerging technologies (part 1)’.

木材被认为是未来可持续生物经济最重要的可再生资源。它传统上用于建筑领域，近年来，它作为钢铁和混凝土的可持续替代品变得越来越重要。此外，它是开发新型生物基功能材料的基础。然而，木材作为绿色资源的可持续性往往会因不可持续的加工和改性技术而受到削弱。它们主要依赖基于化石的前体，并产生不可重复使用或回收的不可分割的混合体和复合材料。在本文中，我们讨论了木材科学和技术中环境可持续性的最新技术。我们概述了可持续生产木质材料的既定方法和未来方法。这包括建筑部门的木材保护和粘合，以及可持续的木质功能材料的生产。此外，我们详细阐述了木制品生命周期终结的观点。木材层叠的概念被认为是一种更有效地利用资源以增加其对减缓气候变化的有益影响的可能性。我们提倡木材科学和技术的整体方法，不仅关注材料的开发和生产，而且还考虑产品的回收和生命周期结束的观点。木材层叠的概念被认为是一种更有效地利用资源以增加其对减缓气候变化的有益影响的可能性。我们提倡木材科学和技术的整体方法，不仅关注材料的开发和生产，而且还考虑产品的回收和生命周期结束的观点。木材层叠的概念被认为是一种更有效地利用资源以增加其对减缓气候变化的有益影响的可能性。我们提倡木材科学和技术的整体方法，不仅关注材料的开发和生产，而且还考虑产品的回收和生命周期结束的观点。

本文是主题问题“用于新兴技术的生物衍生和仿生可持续先进材料（第 1 部分）”的一部分。