Today, minimally invasive procedures have become mainstream surgical procedures. Percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy for lumbar disc herniation (LDH) requires profound knowledge of the laparoscopic lumbar anatomy. Immersive virtual reality (VR) provides three-dimensional patient-specific models to help in the process of preclinical surgical preparation. In this study, the authors investigated the efficacy of VR application in LDH for training orthopedic residents and postgraduates.

VR images of the lumbar anatomy were created with immersive VR and mAnatomy software. The study was conducted among 60 residents and postgraduates. A questionnaire was developed to assess the effect of and satisfaction with this VR-based basic and clinical fused curriculum. The teaching effect was also evaluated through a postlecture test, and the results of the prelecture surgical examination were taken as baselines.

All participants in the VR group agreed that VR-based education is practical, attractive, and easy to operate, compared to traditional teaching, and promotes better understanding of the anatomical structures involved in LDH. Learners in the VR group achieved higher scores on an anatomical and clinical fusion test than learners in the traditional group (84.67 ± 14.56 vs 76.00 ± 16.10, p < 0.05).

An immersive VR-based basic and clinical fused curriculum can increase residents’ and postgraduates’ interest and support them in mastering the structural changes and complicated symptoms of LDH. However, a simplified operational process and more realistic haptics of the VR system are necessary for further surgical preparation and application.

如今，微创手术已成为主流外科手术。经皮内窥镜椎间孔椎间盘切除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症 (LDH) 需要对腹腔镜腰椎解剖学有深入的了解。沉浸式虚拟现实 (VR) 提供 3D 特定于患者的模型，以帮助进行临床前手术准备过程。在这项研究中，作者调查了 VR 应用在 LDH 培训骨科住院医师和研究生的效果。

腰椎解剖的 VR 图像是使用沉浸式 VR 和 mAnatomy 软件创建的。该研究在 60 名居民和研究生中进行。开发了一份问卷来评估这种基于 VR 的基础和临床融合课程的效果和满意度。教学效果还通过课后测试进行评价，并以课前外科检查结果为基准。

VR 小组的所有参与者都认为，与传统教学相比，基于 VR 的教育实用、有吸引力且易于操作，并有助于更好地了解 LDH 所涉及的解剖结构。VR 组的学习者在解剖学和临床融合测试中的得分高于传统组的学习者（84.67 ± 14.56 vs 76.00 ± 16.10，p < 0.05）。

沉浸式的基于VR的基础与临床融合课程可以提高住院医师和研究生的兴趣，支持他们掌握LDH的结构变化和复杂症状。然而，VR系统的简化操作过程和更逼真的触觉对于进一步的手术准备和应用是必要的。