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Genetic etiology of hereditary hearing loss in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries
Human Genetics ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-02 , DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02323-x
Abdullah Al Mutery 1, 2, 3 , Mona Mahfood 1 , Jihen Chouchen 2 , Abdelaziz Tlili 1, 2, 3
Affiliation  

The past 30 years have seen an exponential growth concerning the identification of genes and variants responsible for hereditary hearing loss (HL) worldwide. This has led to a huge gain in our understanding of molecular mechanisms of hearing and deafness, which improved diagnosis for populations with hereditary HL. Many communities around the world, especially in the Middle East and North Africa, have a high prevalence of consanguineous marriages. Congenital monogenic conditions, such as recessive HL, are more common in these populations due to high consanguinity rates. Many studies have shown that high rates of consanguinity, endogamy, and first cousin marriages were observed in the six countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). The intent of this study is to investigate the etiology of HL in the GCC region. A deep literature review of genes and variants responsible for HL in this region revealed 89 recessive DNA pathogenic variants reported in 138 cases/familial cases. A total of 21 genes responsible for non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) and 17 genes associated with syndromic hearing loss (SHL) were reported in cases from the GCC region. Out of 156 reported affected cases, 112 showed HL only, and 44 showed HL associated with other clinical manifestations. This data suggests that in the GCC region 72% of HL forms are non-syndromic and 28% are syndromic. For individuals with NSHL, 66% of variants were detected in four genes (GJB2, OTOF, TMC1 and CDH23), with a predominance of variants located in the GJB2 gene (37.5%). However, among SHL, Usher syndrome was the more frequent as it has been observed in 41% of the reported syndromic GCC cases. Finally, our analysis showed that HL genetics testing and research in the GCC region took advantage of the next generation sequencing (NGS)-based techniques, as approximately 58% of reported variants were identified using this technology.



中文翻译:

海湾合作委员会国家遗传性听力损失的遗传病因

在过去的 30 年中,全球范围内导致遗传性听力损失 (HL) 的基因和变异的鉴定呈指数级增长。这使我们对听力和耳聋的分子机制有了巨大的了解,从而改善了对遗传性 HL 人群的诊断。世界各地的许多社区,尤其是中东和北非,近亲结婚的比例很高。由于血缘关系高,先天性单基因疾病,如隐性 HL,在这些人群中更为常见。许多研究表明,在海湾合作委员会 (GCC) 的六个国家中观察到高血缘、内婚和表亲结婚率。本研究的目的是调查 GCC 地区 HL 的病因。对该地区导致 HL 的基因和变异的深入文献回顾显示,在 138 例/家族病例中报告了 89 种隐性 DNA 致病变异。在海湾合作委员会地区的病例中,共有 21 个与非综合征性听力损失 (NSHL) 相关的基因和 17 个与综合征性听力损失 (SHL) 相关的基因被报告。在报告的 156 例受累病例中,112 例仅显示 HL,44 例显示 HL 与其他临床表现相关。该数据表明,在 GCC 地区,72% 的 HL 形式是非综合征的,28% 是综合征的。对于患有 NSHL 的个体,在四个基因中检测到 66% 的变异(在海湾合作委员会地区的病例中,共有 21 个与非综合征性听力损失 (NSHL) 相关的基因和 17 个与综合征性听力损失 (SHL) 相关的基因被报告。在报告的 156 例受累病例中,112 例仅显示 HL,44 例显示 HL 与其他临床表现相关。该数据表明,在 GCC 地区,72% 的 HL 形式是非综合征的,28% 是综合征的。对于患有 NSHL 的个体,在四个基因中检测到 66% 的变异(在海湾合作委员会地区的病例中,共有 21 个与非综合征性听力损失 (NSHL) 相关的基因和 17 个与综合征性听力损失 (SHL) 相关的基因被报告。在报告的 156 例受累病例中,112 例仅显示 HL,44 例显示 HL 与其他临床表现相关。该数据表明,在 GCC 地区,72% 的 HL 形式是非综合征的,28% 是综合征的。对于患有 NSHL 的个体,在四个基因中检测到 66% 的变异(GJB2OTOFTMC1CDH23),主要变异位于GJB2基因(37.5%)。然而,在 SHL 中,Usher 综合征更为常见,因为在 41% 的报告的综合征 GCC 病例中观察到了这种情况。最后,我们的分析表明,GCC 地区的 HL 遗传学测试和研究利用了基于下一代测序 (NGS) 的技术,因为大约 58% 的报告变异是使用该技术鉴定的。

更新日期:2021-08-02
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