Abstract

The development of new structural materials (primarily metals and alloys) and their processing technologies for the manufacture of high-performance products is and will be the focus of many research areas and industries. In recent decades, the complex problems of material design and processing have been solved using various mathematical models, many of which are based on macrophenomenological continuum theories of elastoplasticity. However, it is known that the physical and mechanical properties of metals as well as the performance characteristics of metal products are almost fully determined by their meso- and microstructures, whose evolution cannot be described by the above theories. This gap has been successfully filled in the last 15–20 years by multilevel models that explicitly describe the physical mechanisms of inelastic deformation and their carriers causing structural changes in the material at various structural scale levels. Multilevel models can be considered an effective tool for the implementation of the main principles, approaches and methods of physical mesomechanics, developed in the works of Victor Panin et al. This paper discusses the structure and constitutive equations, hypotheses, classification, applications and limitations of multilevel models used to describe the thermomechanical processing of metals and alloys. Since a large number of technological processes for the manufacture of high-performance parts and components involve severe plastic deformation, special attention is paid to taking into account geometric nonlinearity in the relationships included in the model. Application examples of our original models are given, in particular, for describing superplastic deformation, recrystallization processes, the effect of external and internal crystallite boundaries on the deformation of polycrystalline samples, and for complex loading analysis. The further development of multilevel models with the involvement of deeper structural scale levels into the models is discussed.

中文翻译：

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金属和合金物理细观力学的多层次模型：结果与展望

摘要

开发新的结构材料（主要是金属和合金）及其用于制造高性能产品的加工技术是并将成为许多研究领域和行业的重点。近几十年来，材料设计和加工的复杂问题已经使用各种数学模型得到解决，其中许多模型基于弹塑性宏观现象学连续统理论。然而，众所周知，金属的物理力学性能以及金属制品的性能特征几乎完全由其细观和微观结构决定，其演变过程无法用上述理论来描述。在过去的 15-20 年中，这一差距已被多层次模型成功填补，这些模型明确描述了非弹性变形的物理机制及其载体，导致材料在各种结构尺度水平上发生结构变化。多级模型可以被认为是实现物理细观力学的主要原理、途径和方法的有效工具，这是在 Victor Panin 等人的作品中开发的。本文讨论了用于描述金属和合金热机械加工的多级模型的结构和本构方程、假设、分类、应用和局限性。由于制造高性能零部件的大量工艺流程涉及严重的塑性变形，特别注意考虑模型中包含的关系中的几何非线性。给出了我们原始模型的应用实例，特别是用于描述超塑性变形、再结晶过程、外部和内部微晶边界对多晶样品变形的影响以及复杂载荷分析。讨论了在模型中包含更深的结构尺度层次的多层次模型的进一步发展。以及复杂的载荷分析。讨论了在模型中包含更深的结构尺度层次的多层次模型的进一步发展。以及复杂的载荷分析。讨论了在模型中包含更深的结构尺度层次的多层次模型的进一步发展。