Abstract

This study is devoted to the threat to marine ecological safety associated with the presence of invasive alien species (IAS) in the World Ocean, which is among the global problems in today’s world. A number of port cities of Ukraine, such as Odessa, Izmail, Kherson, and Mykolaiv, significantly contribute to the pollution of the sea water areas with IAS. Invasive alien species that are present in sea water are supplied together with the latter into ballast tanks (to maintain balance, list, and stability of ships) and end up in the sea even after passing through the ballast cleaning system, thereby securing themselves in certain water areas and ceasing to play the sanitary role; on the contrary, they become pests, i.e., a threat to the World Ocean. There are also IAS examples depending on the countries of the World, i.e., their location. An analytical review of the ballast water management systems most famous all over the world is given, the prospects of their application for disinfection and purification of ballast water and their comparative characteristics are provided. On the basis of strict ballast water quality standard D-2 of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), scientists from the Danube institute of National University “Odessa Maritime Academy” (Izmail, Ukraine) have proposed and developed experimental innovative equipment for purification and disinfection of water ballast. Ballast water is analyzed on sea vessels entering the Izmail shipyard “Odessa Maritime Academy” for factory repair from various water basins of the World Ocean. All ships entering the factory for repairing are suppliers of ballast water samples. The constructive features of the laboratory facility allow one to study ballast water when the corresponding modules of the system pass at various speeds.

中文翻译：

---

控制海压载水处理和消毒的创新系统：国立大学多瑙河研究所“敖德萨海事学院”

摘要

这项研究致力于与世界海洋中存在的外来入侵物种 (IAS) 相关的海洋生态安全威胁，这是当今世界的全球性问题之一。乌克兰的一些港口城市，如敖德萨、伊兹梅尔、赫尔松和尼古拉耶夫，对 IAS 对海水区域的污染做出了重大贡献。存在于海水中的外来入侵物种与后者一起被供应到压载舱中（以保持船舶的平衡、倾斜和稳定性），即使在通过压载清洁系统后也最终进入海中，从而确保自己在某些情况下水域和不再发挥卫生作用；相反，它们变成害虫，即对世界海洋的威胁。还有一些 IAS 示例取决于世界各国，即它们的位置。对世界上最著名的压载水管理系统进行了分析回顾，提供了它们在压载水消毒和净化中的应用前景及其比较特点。在国际海事组织（IMO）严格的压载水质量标准D-2的基础上，国立大学“敖德萨海事学院”多瑙河研究所（乌克兰伊兹梅尔）的科学家们提出并开发了用于净化和消毒的实验创新设备压载水。从世界海洋的各个水域进入伊兹梅尔造船厂“敖德萨海事学院”进行工厂维修的海船对压载水进行分析。所有进厂修理的船舶都是压载水样品的供应商。