3D-printed dielectric substrates are manufactured using additive manufacturing (AM) technology. With CAD/CAM, rapid, accurate, and automatic manufacturing of objects with different characteristics and almost any geometry is possible. With 3D printing processes, objects are formed layer by layer, and complicated shapes can easily be created. For this reason, in the last decade, AM has seen a great boom in the development of RF and microwave circuits. Some applications that benefit from AM are metamaterials [1]-[3], antennas [4]-[5], and selective surfaces [6], among others. Most of the RF and microwave circuits reported in previous works are designed considering the dielectric substrate as an isotropic material; therefore, large differences are found between the measured and the simulated results [6]-[8]. These variations are largely due to the fact that the manufacturing standards generally include a mixture of materials inside the substrates with a periodic arrangement [9], and this favors dielectric anisotropy in the substrates. Consequently, the study of these materials is of great importance to the scientific community. This article is intended for designers who wish to tailor the dielectric characteristics of a substrate for microwave circuits, noting that anisotropy will manifest itself at lower frequencies when the internal structure of the printed material is modified.

中文翻译：

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基于聚乳酸的各向异性 3D 打印生物可降解基材的介电特性 [应用笔记]


3D 打印介电基板采用增材制造 (AM) 技术制造。借助 CAD/CAM，可以快速、准确、自动地制造具有不同特性和几乎任何几何形状的物体。通过3D打印工艺，物体是逐层形成的，并且可以轻松创建复杂的形状。因此，近十年来，AM 出现了射频和微波电路发展的巨大繁荣。受益于增材制造的一些应用包括超材料 [1]-[3]、天线 [4]-[5] 和选择性表面 [6] 等。以前的工作中报道的大多数射频和微波电路都是在设计时考虑将介电基板作为各向同性材料；因此，测量结果和模拟结果之间存在很大差异[6]-[8]。这些变化很大程度上是由于制造标准通常包括周期性排列的基板内的材料混合物[9]，这有利于基板中的介电各向异性。因此，这些材料的研究对科学界非常重要。本文面向希望定制微波电路基板介电特性的设计人员，请注意，当印刷材料的内部结构发生变化时，各向异性将在较低频率下显现出来。