For Internet of Things (IoT) applications in the sub-1 GHz unlicensed band, the IEEE 802.11ah technology, also called WiFi HaLow, has been standardized. To achieve long-range and low-power features of IoT networks, the physical (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) layer functions in the previous WiFi standards are amended in the IEEE 802.11ah standard. In this article, the PHY and MAC technologies in IEEE 802.11ah are investigated, and the technical features are described by comparing it with other IoT systems. Additionally, a system on chip, which integrates a digital baseband, RF transceiver, analog-to-digital converter /digital-to-analog converter, processor, and memory with the external connection interface, is implemented. To verify the feasibility of long-range and low-power WiFi for IoT services, field tests in both indoor and outdoor environments are conducted. The power-save mode operation and power consumption are presented. Through various field tests and measured data, the feasibility of WiFi HaLow is verified as a long-range, high-throughput, and low-power IoT solution.

中文翻译：

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用于远距离和低功耗物联网的 WiFi HaLow：片上系统开发和性能评估


对于低于 1 GHz 免许可频段的物联网 (IoT) 应用，IEEE 802.11ah 技术（也称为 WiFi HaLow）已经标准化。为了实现物联网网络的长距离和低功耗特性，IEEE 802.11ah标准对先前WiFi标准中的物理（PHY）和介质访问控制（MAC）层功能进行了修改。本文研究了IEEE 802.11ah中的PHY和MAC技术，并通过与其他物联网系统的比较来描述其技术特点。此外，还实现了一个片上系统，集成了数字基带、射频收发器、模数转换器/数模转换器、处理器和存储器以及外部连接接口。为了验证远距离、低功耗 WiFi 用于物联网服务的可行性，在室内和室外环境中进行了现场测试。介绍了省电模式操作和功耗。通过各种现场测试和测量数据，验证了WiFi HaLow作为远距离、高吞吐量、低功耗物联网解决方案的可行性。