The use of pozzolans to partially replace Portland cement in concrete has generally demonstrated beneficial impacts on the durability characteristics of concrete for decades. In this paper a diverse range of pozzolans including natural pozzolans, ground glasses and industrial by-products such as coal ash (fly ash and bottom ash) and silica fume were investigated for their synergistic potential in binary or ternary blends with Portland cement in improving resistance to chemical sulfate attack and alkali-silica reaction (ASR). It is generally considered that pozzolans improve most of the durability issues encountered in concrete, including reducing the risk of sulfate attack or ASR. But this is not always the case. For example, it was found that ground glasses were very efficient in improving sulfate resistance, but their ability to mitigate expansion due to ASR was dictated by the equivalent alkalis content (Na₂O_e) of the glass and high-alkali soda glass was generally not effective in this role. On the other hand, metakaolin, a highly reactive pozzolan, was highly effective in reducing ASR expansion, but may actually increase the damage due to sulfate attack when used at moderate replacement levels. Most pozzolans, such as low-CaO coal fly ash and ground coal bottom ash, silica fume, and pumice, were effective in controlling expansion due to both ASR and sulfate attack. The results demonstrated that the extent of the positive impact of using natural pozzolans on both properties was variable. The pozzolanic reactivity of materials alone was an unreliable indicator to assess the ability of the pozzolan to suppress expansion due to sulfate attack or ASR.

几十年来，使用火山灰部分替代混凝土中的波特兰水泥已普遍显示出对混凝土耐久性特性的有益影响。在本文中，研究了多种火山灰，包括天然火山灰、磨碎玻璃和工业副产品，如煤灰（粉煤灰和底灰）和硅粉，研究它们与波特兰水泥的二元或三元共混物在提高抗性方面的协同潜力。化学硫酸盐侵蚀和碱硅反应（ASR）。通常认为火山灰可以改善混凝土中遇到的大多数耐久性问题，包括降低硫酸盐侵蚀或 ASR 的风险。但情况并非总是如此。例如，发现磨砂玻璃在提高耐硫酸盐性方面非常有效，₂ O _e ) 的玻璃和高碱钠玻璃在此作用中一般无效。另一方面，偏高岭土是一种高反应性火山灰，在减少 ASR 膨胀方面非常有效，但当以中等替代水平使用时，实际上可能会增加硫酸盐侵蚀造成的损害。大多数火山灰，如低 CaO 粉煤灰和磨碎的煤底灰、硅粉和浮石，由于 ASR 和硫酸盐侵蚀，可有效控制膨胀。结果表明，使用天然火山灰对这两种特性的积极影响程度是可变的。单独的材料的火山灰反应性是一个不可靠的指标，用于评估火山灰抑制由于硫酸盐侵蚀或 ASR 引起的膨胀的能力。