Abstract

Mammary epithelial cell (MEC) is the basic unit of the mammary gland that synthesizes milk components including milk protein and milk fat. MECs can sense to extracellular stimuli including nutrients such as amino acids though different sensors and signaling pathways. Here, we review recent advances in the regulatory mechanism of amino acids on milk protein and fat synthesis in MECs. We also highlight how these mechanisms reflect the amino acid requirements of MECs and discuss the current and future prospects for amino acid regulation in milk production.

中文翻译：

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氨基酸对乳腺上皮细胞乳蛋白和脂肪合成的调控机制：综述

摘要

乳腺上皮细胞（mammary epithelial cell，MEC）是乳腺的基本单位，合成乳蛋白、乳脂等乳成分。MEC 可以通过不同的传感器和信号通路感知细胞外刺激，包括氨基酸等营养物质。在这里，我们回顾了氨基酸对 MEC 中乳蛋白和脂肪合成的调节机制的最新进展。我们还强调了这些机制如何反映 MEC 的氨基酸需求，并讨论了牛奶生产中氨基酸调节的当前和未来前景。