Personality development is related to life events that change social roles and environments. Here, we provide an overview of the differences between personal and collective life events relevant to personality development. Following some basic assumptions about the malleability of personality traits due to life events, we discuss the differences in the thematic, social, spatial, and temporal characteristics of personal and collective life events. Personal life events often cover the domains of health, work, family, and love in individual people's lives, while collective life events refer to disasters and power struggles that affect many people. Collective life events are different because they can (a) trigger different personal life events for different people, (b) indirectly affect many more individuals who identify with a directly affected group, and (c) change social role demands through cultural changes. We discuss how these, and other differences affect the way researchers should investigate collective life events.

中文翻译：

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颠覆时期的人格发展：个人与集体生活事件的影响

人格发展与改变社会角色和环境的生活事件有关。在这里，我们概述了与人格发展相关的个人和集体生活事件之间的差异。根据关于生活事件导致的人格特质的可塑性的一些基本假设，我们讨论了个人和集体生活事件的主题、社会、空间和时间特征的差异。个人生活事件通常涵盖个人生活中的健康、工作、家庭和爱情等领域，而集体生活事件则是指影响许多人的灾难和权力斗争。集体生活事件是不同的，因为它们可以 (a) 为不同的人触发不同的个人生活事件，(b) 间接影响更多认同直接受影响群体的个人，以及 (c) 通过文化变革改变社会角色需求。我们讨论这些以及其他差异如何影响研究人员调查集体生活事件的方式。