This article is part of the Materials of the Universe: The Final Chemical Frontier special issue. The concept of the Materials of the Universe (MotU) is to unite cosmology, astrophysics, astronomy, planetary science and exploration, mineralogy, and petrology with materials science and engineering, chemistry, physics, and biology to address grand questions of complex chemistries and evolution of planets. Stars produce the elements that form all materials. Planets, moons, and every object in the universe form through physical and chemical processing of this suite of elements, which makes the knowledge of materials essential to understand the universe. The diversity of planetary bodies in our solar system and the ubiquity of exoplanets now liberate us from the narrow thinking focused only on Earth materials. We need to understand their formation, stability, catalytic activity, and rheology over a range of temperatures, pressures, and compositions not yet imagined. Creating new materials, often far from equilibrium, with compositions unknown on Earth but possible elsewhere requires a fundamental understanding of structure, bonding, and function. Such new materials, in turn, may aid space exploration by providing better sensors and detectors as well as stronger, lighter, and more robust materials for aerospace applications. Materials research under extreme conditions will enable us to design new systems for space exploration, travel, and settlement. To introduce this unifying discipline, the MotU Virtual Special Issue has contributions across all science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields inspired by materials under extreme conditions within and beyond Earth, including low- and high-temperature, high-pressure, ultrahigh-vacuum, radiation field, and far from equilibrium conditions. Thermodynamics, structure, and reactivity are emphasized and interrelated. The materials described the range from refractory ceramics to organic solids. The guest editors thank the authors and all reviewers who made this Virtual Special Issue possible, and the guest editors hope readers find the collection intriguing and useful. This article has not yet been cited by other publications.

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宇宙材料：最后的化学前沿

这篇文章是部分 宇宙材料：最后的化学前沿特别问题。宇宙材料 (MotU) 的概念是将宇宙学、天体物理学、天文学、行星科学与探索、矿物学和岩石学与材料科学与工程、化学、物理学和生物学结合起来，以解决复杂化学和进化的重大问题的行星。恒星产生构成所有材料的元素。行星、卫星和宇宙中的每一个物体都是通过这组元素的物理和化学处理形成的，这使得材料知识对于理解宇宙至关重要。我们太阳系中行星体的多样性和无处不在的系外行星现在使我们摆脱了只关注地球材料的狭隘思维。我们需要了解它们在一系列温度、压力、和尚未想象的作品。创造新材料，通常远离平衡，其成分在地球上未知，但在其他地方可能存在，需要对结构、结合和功能有基本的了解。反过来，这种新材料可以通过为航空航天应用提供更好的传感器和探测器以及更坚固、更轻和更坚固的材料来帮助太空探索。极端条件下的材料研究将使我们能够设计用于太空探索、旅行和定居的新系统。为了介绍这一统一学科，MotU 虚拟特刊在所有科学、技术、工程和数学 (STEM) 领域都有贡献，其灵感来自地球内外极端条件下的材料，包括低温和高温、高压、超高真空、辐射场、并且远离平衡条件。热力学、结构和反应性得到强调并相互关联。这些材料描述了从耐火陶瓷到有机固体的范围。客座编辑感谢使本虚拟特刊成为可能的作者和所有审稿人，客座编辑希望读者发现该系列有趣且有用。这篇文章还没有被其他出版物引用。