Vimentin is a marker of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and indicates poor prognosis in various cancers, but its role in diffuse gliomas remains unknown. We investigated the vimentin expression of diffuse gliomas according to the upcoming 2021 WHO classification, its variations due to mutational status, and its prognostic effects. We analyzed vimentin immunohistochemistry in 315 gliomas: a test set (n = 164) and a validation set (n = 151). RNA-seq and mutational information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, n = 422) were also used for validation. Vimentin was diffusely positive in astrocytic tumors but negative in oligodendroglial tumors (ODGs) and its expression was significantly higher in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type tumors. High vimentin expression was correlated with poor prognosis (hazard ratio [HR]: 5.99), but it was dependent on the new WHO grade which reflects both histologic features and genetics (HR: 1.28). Using the significant difference in vimentin expression between ODGs and astrocytic tumors, the positive and negative predictive values of the vimentin-based diagnosis for ODGs were 93.5% and 97.8% in the validation set. Along with additional alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation, X-linked (ATRX) immunohistostaining, the values were 98.3% and 97.8%, respectively. Vimentin is a useful ancillary marker for identifying ODGs when combined with routine histochemistry markers.

波形蛋白是上皮-间质转化的标志物，表明各种癌症的预后不良，但其在弥漫性神经胶质瘤中的作用仍然未知。我们根据即将发布的 2021 年 WHO 分类研究了弥漫性神经胶质瘤的波形蛋白表达、其因突变状态引起的变化及其预后影响。我们分析了 315 个神经胶质瘤中的波形蛋白免疫组织化学：一个测试集 ( n  = 164) 和一个验证集 ( n  = 151)。来自癌症基因组图谱 (TCGA, n  = 422) 的 RNA-seq 和突变信息也用于验证。Vimentin 在星形细胞瘤中呈弥漫阳性，在少突胶质细胞瘤 (ODGs) 中呈阴性，在异柠檬酸脱氢酶 ( IDH ) 中的表达显着升高) 野生型肿瘤。波形蛋白高表达与不良预后相关（风险比 [HR]：5.99），但它取决于反映组织学特征和遗传学的新 WHO 分级（HR：1.28）。利用 ODG 和星形细胞肿瘤之间波形蛋白表达的显着差异，验证集中基于波形蛋白的 ODG 诊断的阳性和阴性预测值分别为 93.5% 和 97.8%。连同额外的 α-地中海贫血/智力迟钝、X 连锁 (ATRX) 免疫组织染色，这些值分别为 98.3% 和 97.8%。波形蛋白与常规组织化学标记物结合使用时，是一种有用的辅助标记物，可用于识别 ODG。