Vegetation at timberline responses sensitively to any environment change. Climate change along with land use changes, mainly grazing cessation, inspired us to study this question in the Tatra Mts, which includes the highest parts of the Western Carpathians. Here, we focused on expansion of phanerophytes, which took place over the last decades. Our research was based on resampling of historical phytocoenological relevés and comparing aerial images from 1973 to 2015. Our finding can be concluded as follows: (i) we confirmed increased frequency of phanerophytes, mainly Pinus mugo, to a lesser extent Juniperus communis and Picea abies in current dataset, (ii) Juncion trifidi grasslands and dwarf shrub communities dominated by ericaceous species are the most susceptible communities to the expansion of phanerophytes, especially those located close to the stands of trees and shrubs, (iii) the grasslands facing phanerophyte expansion are more light-demanding than others, (iv) phanerophytes significantly affect the light and temperature conditions on the sites, however, this influence does not markedly differ from the influence of tall grasses and chamaephytes, (v) area of grasslands was reduced by more than 22%, (vi) on former grasslands are mainly expanded Pinus mugo dominated shrub, (vii) transformations from grasslands into tree and shrub stands take place mainly on the south-facing slopes with an inclination of 30–40°, with the average annual insolation of 1 600–1 800 kWh/m², (viii) the landscape structure has changed the least at altitude above 1 800 m.

林线植被对任何环境变化都敏感。气候变化以及土地利用变化（主要是停止放牧）启发我们在包括西喀尔巴阡山脉最高部分的塔特拉山中研究这个问题。在这里，我们专注于过去几十年发生的显性植物的扩展。我们的研究基于对 1973 年至 2015 年的历史植物群落学相关性的重新采样和比较航拍图像。我们的发现可以得出如下结论：(i) 我们证实了显性植物（主要是Pinus mugo）的频率增加，在较小程度上杜松和冷杉在当前数据集中，(ii) Juncion trifidi以金银花属植物为主的草原和矮灌木群落是最容易受到显形植物扩张的群落，尤其是那些靠近乔木和灌木林的群落，(iii) 面临显形植物扩张的草原比其他草原更需要光照，(iv) ) 显色植物显着影响场地的光照和温度条件，但这种影响与高草和茶树植物的影响没有显着差异，(v) 草地面积减少了 22% 以上，(vi) 在原草地上主要扩展松mugo为主灌木，（vii）将来自草地到树木和灌木看台转换主要发生在30-40的倾斜在朝南的斜坡°，1 600-1 800千瓦时年均日照/米² , (viii) 海拔1 800 m以上景观结构变化最小。