To advance our understanding of the global response of the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) to various external drivers, we apply entropy-based information theory to quantify contributions of solar, interplanetary, and lower atmospheric drivers to the global ionospheric state described by the Global Ionospheric Map (GIM). By computing normalized transfer entropy on 18 years of GIM TEC, F10.7, solar wind, and lower atmospheric data, we obtain the predictive information transfer from the present drivers to the global ionospheric state at various future times. We find that the solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) irradiance dominates the information transfer within 3 days into the future, while the lower atmospheric migrating tidal sources dominate beyond 3 days into the future. The maximum information transfer from individual drivers reveals the maximum contributions from the drivers to the global ionospheric state. Among all drivers considered, the lower atmospheric migrating tidal sources contribute most. The solar EUV irradiance and tropospheric deep convection are secondary drivers with comparable contributions at about half of the contribution from migrating tidal sources. The interplanetary driving contributes the least to the global ionospheric state during both geomagnetic storm and quiet time, even though the contribution from the interplanetary magnetic field can enhance four to six times during geomagnetic storm time than quiet time.

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量化外部驱动因素对全球电离层状态的贡献

为了加深我们对电离层总电子含量 (TEC) 对各种外部驱动因素的全球响应的理解，我们应用基于熵的信息理论来量化太阳、行星际和低层大气驱动因素对全球电离层状态的贡献。电离层图 (GIM)。通过计算 18 年 GIM TEC、F10.7、太阳风和低层大气数据的归一化传递熵，我们获得了从当前驱动因素到未来各个时间的全球电离层状态的预测信息传递。我们发现太阳极紫外 (EUV) 辐照度在未来 3 天内主导信息传递，而低层大气迁移潮汐源在未来 3 天内主导。单个驱动程序的最大信息传递揭示了驱动程序对全球电离层状态的最大贡献。在考虑的所有驱动因素中，较低的大气迁移潮汐源贡献最大。太阳 EUV 辐照度和对流层深对流是次要驱动因素，其贡献相当，约为迁移潮汐源贡献的一半。行星际驱动在地磁暴和安静时间对全球电离层状态的贡献最小，尽管行星际磁场的贡献在地磁暴时间可以比安静时间增强四到六倍。太阳 EUV 辐照度和对流层深对流是次要驱动因素，其贡献相当，约为迁移潮汐源贡献的一半。行星际驱动在地磁暴和安静时间对全球电离层状态的贡献最小，尽管行星际磁场的贡献在地磁暴时间可以比安静时间增强四到六倍。太阳 EUV 辐照度和对流层深对流是次要驱动因素，其贡献相当，约为迁移潮汐源贡献的一半。行星际驱动在地磁暴和安静时间对全球电离层状态的贡献最小，尽管行星际磁场的贡献在地磁暴时间可以比安静时间增强四到六倍。