Tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL) is defined by reduced proinflammatory cytokines and elevated CD4⁺, CD8⁺ T cells and decreased CD8⁺ cytotoxic markers. However, ex-vivo phenotyping of diverse leucocytes in TBL has not been done. We show activated and atypical B cells, myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs), classical, non-classical and intermediate monocytes, T regulatory (T regs) cells, CD4⁺ T cell effector memory RA (TEMRA), CD4⁺ effector and CD8⁺ central memory phenotypes were significantly increased in TBL compared to LTB individuals. In contrast, classical memory and plasma B cells, plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), CD8⁺ TEMRA, CD4⁺ naïve and central memory cells were significantly decreased in TBL compared to LTB individuals. Some of the leucocyte frequencies (atypical memory B cells, pDCs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, CD4⁺ effector and CD8⁺ central memory was increased; activated memory and plasma B cell, mDCs, classical, non-classical, intermediate monocytes, T regs, CD4⁺ TEMRA, CD4⁺, CD8⁺ naïve and effector memory cells and CD8⁺ central memory cells were decreased) were significantly modulated after anti-TB treatment among TBL individuals. UMAP analysis show that leucocyte subsets or islands expressing specific markers were significantly different in TBL baseline and post-treatment individuals. Overall, we suggest altered frequencies of diverse leucocytes influences the disease pathology and protective immunity in TBL individuals.

结核性淋巴结炎 (TBL) 的定义是促炎细胞因子减少和 CD4 ⁺、CD8 ⁺ T 细胞升高和 CD8 ⁺细胞毒性标志物减少。然而，尚未完成 TBL 中不同白细胞的离体表型分析。我们展示了活化和非典型 B 细胞、骨髓树突细胞 (mDC)、经典、非经典和中间单核细胞、调节性 T (T regs) 细胞、CD4 ⁺ T 细胞效应记忆 RA (TEMRA)、CD4 ⁺效应和 CD8 ⁺中央与 LTB 个体相比，TBL 的记忆表型显着增加。相比之下，经典记忆和浆 B 细胞、浆细胞样 DC (pDC)、CD8 ⁺ TEMRA、CD4 ⁺与 LTB 个体相比，TBL 中的幼稚和中央记忆细胞显着减少。一些白细胞频率（非典型记忆 B 细胞、pDC、髓源性抑制细胞、CD4 ⁺效应子和 CD8 ⁺中央记忆增加；激活的记忆和浆 B 细胞、mDC、经典、非经典、中间单核细胞、T regs , CD4 ⁺ TEMRA, CD4 ⁺ , CD8 ⁺幼稚和效应记忆细胞和 CD8 ⁺中枢记忆细胞减少）在 TBL 个体中抗结核治疗后显着调节。UMAP 分析显示白细胞亚群或表达特定标记的岛在 TBL 基线和治疗后个体中存在显着差异。总体而言，我们认为不同白细胞频率的改变会影响 TBL 个体的疾病病理学和保护性免疫。