Religious communities such as the Shakers, the Mormons, and Africana religious practitioners practice spectacular religion. Ritual spectacle is particularly visible and thus invites observation from outsiders. My argument follows recent work by David Walker and Paul C. Johnson that illustrates religious traditions in which religion was practiced in collaboration with an anticipated audience. Religious spectacle is not unusual: there are religions who put on shows for one another and who have a place for theater within their religious community. On the other hand, there are religions that make a spectacle of themselves for others, a category that overlaps substantially with groups categorized through the disciplinary frame of New Religious Movements. Scholarship on non-normative religion has, however, underestimated the way in which religions that invite negative attention incorporate the hostile gaze of audiences into their rituals. By thinking about particular religious practices as performances for an audience, I argue that Shakers, Mormons, and Africana traditions used the power of observation for spiritual purposes.

中文翻译：

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沙克舞与奇观的宗教生产

宗教团体，如振动者、摩门教徒和非洲宗教从业者，实践着壮观的宗教。仪式奇观尤其引人注目，因此会引起外人的观察。我的论点是在 David Walker 和 Paul C. Johnson 最近的作品之后提出的，这些作品阐释了与预期受众合作实践宗教的宗教传统。宗教奇观并不少见：有些宗教互相表演节目，并在他们的宗教社区内有一席之地。另一方面，有些宗教会为他人展示自己，这一类别与通过新宗教运动的学科框架分类的群体有很大的重叠。然而，关于非规范宗教的奖学金，低估了引起负面关注的宗教将观众的敌意凝视纳入其仪式的方式。通过将特定的宗教实践视为观众的表演，我认为振动者、摩门教徒和非洲传统将观察力用于精神目的。