Doped and un-doped 0.5% Er³⁺ ferroelectric ceramics (1-x)[Pb_(1-y)La_y(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃]-xPbTiO₃ (PLMN-PT) were prepared via solid-state reaction using the columbite method and densified by means of conventional sintering (CS), uniaxial hot pressing (HP), and spark plasma sintering (SPS). We review and discuss the influences of the densification process on the microstructural, structural, and dielectric properties of the ceramics. Samples with no porosity or grain size changes caused by the densification process were observed. A density of the ceramics close to the theoretical value (more than 99%) was reached with HP. The heat treatment process in ceramics through SPS eliminates the dark color and improves transparency. Furthermore, the influence of the densification process on the microstructural and structural properties of the ceramics was reviewed and discussed, finding that the electrical properties are favored by HP.

掺杂和未掺杂的 0.5% Er ³⁺铁电陶瓷 (1-x)[Pb _(1-y) La _y (Mg _1/3 Nb _2/3 )O ₃ ]-xPbTiO ₃(PLMN-PT) 是使用铌铁矿法通过固态反应制备的，并通过常规烧结 (CS)、单轴热压 (HP) 和放电等离子烧结 (SPS) 致密。我们回顾并讨论了致密化过程对陶瓷的微观结构、结构和介电性能的影响。没有观察到由致密化过程引起的孔隙率或晶粒尺寸变化的样品。HP 达到了接近理论值（超过 99%）的陶瓷密度。通过 SPS 在陶瓷中进行的热处理工艺消除了深色并提高了透明度。此外，还回顾和讨论了致密化过程对陶瓷微观结构和结构性能的影响，发现高压有利于电性能。